The Role of Neighborhood and Community in Building Developmental Assets for Children and Youth: A National Study of Social Norms Among American Adults
The Role of Neighborhood and Community in Building Developmental Assets for Children and Youth: A National Study of Social Norms Among American Adults
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邻里和社区在为儿童和青少年建立发展资产中的作用：美国成年人社会规范的全国研究
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Mannes
中科院分区：
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作者：
P. Scales;P. Benson;Eugene C Roehlkepartain;Nicole R. Hintz;Theresa K. Sullivan;M. Mannes
无关的成年人在儿童和青少年的积极社会化中发挥着潜在的重要作用，但对青少年的研究表明，大多数成年人并没有有意、频繁和深入地与年轻人积极互动。因此，只有少数年轻人表示拥有与减少冒险行为和增加成长相关的关键发展资产。社会规范理论表明，如果成年人认为这种参与非常重要，并且认为社会对此有期望，那么成年人将更有可能深入参与家庭以外的年轻人。对 1,425 名具有全国代表性的美国成年人进行了调查，以确定美国成年人对 19 项积极的资产建设行动的重视程度，以及他们认识的成年人实际上以这些积极方式与家庭之外的年轻人交往的程度。结果表明，只有少数美国人在与他人的孩子交往时表现出一致的规范动机。成年人认为重要的事情与他们为与儿童和青少年建立积极、有意的关系而实际采取的行动之间存在很大差距。社区稳定性和成年人参与的社区建设活动的程度，包括参与宗教服务、志愿服务和邻里会议，与成年人与年轻人交往的规范动机程度的差异有关。然而，除了这些群体差异之外，还有九项资产建设行动——其中两项作为真正的社会规范，七项作为社会价值观——绝大多数美国成年人认为这些行动非常重要。因此，该基金会在公众舆论中的存在是为了明确允许成年人更深入地参与家庭之外儿童的生活，从而为所有成年人界定新的规范性期望，以分担对年轻人福祉的责任。 © 2001 约翰威利父子公司。
Unrelated adults play potentially important roles in the positive socialization of children and youth, but studies of adolescents suggest the majority of adults do not engage positively with young people on an intentional, frequent, and deep basis. As a result, only a minority of young people report experiencing key developmental assets that have been associated with reduced risk-taking behaviors and increased thriving. Social norms theory suggests that adults will be more likely to get deeply involved with young people outside their family if that involvement is viewed as highly important, and if they perceive a social expectation to do so. A nationally representative sample of 1,425 U.S. adults was surveyed to determine the degree of importance American adults ascribed to 19 positive asset-building actions, and the degree to which the adults they knew actually engaged with young people outside their own families in those positive ways. The results showed that only a minority of Americans experience consistent normative motivation for engaging with other people’s children. There is a large gap between what adults consider important and what they actually do to construct positive, intentional relationships with children and youth. Community stability and extent of community-building activities in which adults engage, including participation in religious services, volunteering, and neighborhood meetings, are associated with differences among adults in the degree of normative motivation for engaging with young people. In addition to these group differences, however, there also are nine asset-building actions –two functioning as genuine social norms and seven as social values– that great majorities of American adults consider highly important. The foundation therefore exists in public opinion to make explicit greater permission for adults to become more deeply engaged in the lives of children outside their families and to thereby define new normative expectations for all adults to share in being responsible for the well-being of young people. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.