The shifting habitat mosaic of river ecosystems
The shifting habitat mosaic of river ecosystems
复制标题
河流生态系统栖息地格局的变化
DOI：
10.1080/03680770.2005.11901979
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Hauer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Stanford;M. Lorang;F. Hauer
（利肯斯和博尔曼，1974年）。实际上，景观生态学在理论和实践中都试图根据物种（或种群）所利用的生物物理空间斑块或镶嵌体来确定物种（或种群）的分布、数量和生产力。栖息地镶嵌体的动态以及物种对其的反应，包括复杂的生物物理反馈，或许是景观生态学的核心。在此，我们在这种动态栖息地背景下研究河流生态系统。我们提出了洪泛区结构或要素的一般分类法，作为栖息地划分的基础。我们认为，虽然界定河流栖息地的要素在自然河流系统中往往会持续存在（并且会因人类的改变而受到限制或消除），但由于主要驱动因素，特别是洪水、河道改道、冲淤作用（细粒和粗粒沉积物的侵蚀和沉积）、木材堆积以及河岸植被的更新和再生，栖息地斑块（镶嵌体）的分布会随时间在空间上发生变化。我们将这种现象称为栖息地镶嵌体的动态变化，并认为这是河流生态系统的一个基本过程属性。我们提出，将河流生态系统视为从源头到海洋的三维动态栖息地镶嵌体的连续统一体，这在很大程度上统一了当代关于河流生态系统结构和功能的众多理论。
(L IKENS & B OR MANN 1974). Indeed, landscape ecology in theory and practice attempts to define species (or population) distributions, abundances and productivity in context of patches or mosaics of biophysical space used by those species (or populations). The dynamics of habitat mosaics and species responses to them, including complex biophysical feedbacks, perhaps is the essence of landscape ecology. Herein we examine river ecosystems in this dynamic habitat context. We present a general typology of floodplain structures or elements as a basis for habitat delineation. We argue that while the elements that define riverine habitats tend to persist in natural river systems (and are constrained or eliminated by human alteration), the distribution of the habitat patches (mosaics) changes spatially over time due to primary drivers, particularly flooding, channel avulsion, cut and fill alluviation (erosion and deposition of fine and coarse sediments), deposition of wood recruitment and regeneration of riparian vegetation. We call this phenomenon the shifting habitat mosaic and argue it is a fundamental process attribute of river ecosystems. We propose that the rather wide ar-ray of contemporary theories about river ecosystem structure and function are substantially unified by thinking of river ecosystems as a continuum of 3-di-mensional shifting habitat mosaics from headwaters to the ocean.