Toward environmental justice: Spatial equity in Ohio and Cleveland
Toward environmental justice: Spatial equity in Ohio and Cleveland
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01818.x
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cyran, EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bowen, WM;Salling, MJ;Cyran, EJ
越来越多的研究记录了环境危害对贫穷和少数民族社区的不公平影响。本文利用美国环境保护署1987-1990年有毒物质排放清单和1990年人口和住房普查资料，分析了俄亥俄州有毒工业污染和人口群体的空间分布。在明显的支持以前的研究机构，我们报告种族变量和县一级的有毒物质释放水平之间的高度相关性。俄亥俄州最高水平的有毒物质释放发生在该州最城市化的县，其中14个县包含该州约90%的少数民族人口。然而，对这些县中最城市化的凯霍加县的人口普查调查显示，种族和毒性之间没有关系。区域级数据确实提供了一些收入与环境不平等的证据，这些发现提示了一些方法论建议以供进一步研究。本文的主要结论是，空间尺度是研究工业环境危害和环境正义的关键。
A growing body of research documents the inequitable impact of environmental hazards on poor and minority communities. This paper uses the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Toxic Release Inventory for 1987-1990 and the 1990 Census of Population and Housing to analyze the spatial distribution of toxic industrial pollution and demographic groups in Ohio. In apparent support of the previous body of research, we report high correlations between racial variables and level of toxic release at the county level. The highest levels of toxic release in Ohio occur in the state's most urban counties, fourteen of which contain approximately 90 percent of the state's minority population. However, a census-tract examination of the most urban of these counties, Cuyahoga, reveals no relationships between race and toxicity. The tract-level data do provide some evidence of income-environment inequity, and these findings prompt several methodological advisories for further research. The principal conclusion of the paper is that spatial scale is critical in studies of industrial environmental hazards and environmental justice.