Pay-off-biased social learning underlies the diffusion of novel extractive foraging traditions in a wild primate.
Pay-off-biased social learning underlies the diffusion of novel extractive foraging traditions in a wild primate.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0358
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发表时间：
2017-06-14
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Perry SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barrett BJ;McElreath RL;Perry SE
尽管在不同的分类群中存在行为传统，但人们对个体在野外获得行为所使用的学习策略的类型和多样性知之甚少。从众等社会学习策略具有广泛的适应性，但也可能阻碍适应性创新的传播。相比之下，像有偿偏见学习这样的策略在传播新行为方面是有效的，但在适应行为普遍存在时可能表现不佳。我们介绍了野生灵长类动物Cebus capucinus的野外实验，该实验引入了一种新的食物，并记录了成功提取技术的创新和传播。我们开发了一个多层次的贝叶斯统计分析，使我们能够量化不同社会和个人学习策略的个人层面证据。我们发现，报酬偏见和年龄偏见的社会学习是新技术传播的主要原因。我们没有发现一致性的证据；相反，稀有技术得到的关注略有增加。我们还发现，个人学习策略的实质性和重要变化是由年龄决定的，年轻人更容易受到社会信息和他们自己的个人经验的影响。总体文化动态反过来又取决于学习策略的变化和野生种群的年龄结构。
The type and variety of learning strategies used by individuals to acquire behaviours in the wild are poorly understood, despite the presence of behavioural traditions in diverse taxa. Social learning strategies such as conformity can be broadly adaptive, but may also retard the spread of adaptive innovations. Strategies like pay-off-biased learning, by contrast, are effective at diffusing new behaviour but may perform poorly when adaptive behaviour is common. We present a field experiment in a wild primate, Cebus capucinus, that introduced a novel food item and documented the innovation and diffusion of successful extraction techniques. We develop a multilevel, Bayesian statistical analysis that allows us to quantify individual-level evidence for different social and individual learning strategies. We find that pay-off-biased and age-biased social learning are primarily responsible for the diffusion of new techniques. We find no evidence of conformity; instead rare techniques receive slightly increased attention. We also find substantial and important variation in individual learning strategies that is patterned by age, with younger individuals being more influenced by both social information and their own individual experience. The aggregate cultural dynamics in turn depend upon the variation in learning strategies and the age structure of the wild population.