Differential inflammatory potential of particulate matter (PM) size fractions from imperial valley, CA
Differential inflammatory potential of particulate matter (PM) size fractions from imperial valley, CA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117992
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Pinkerton, K. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D'Evelyn, S. M.;Vogel, C. F. A.;Pinkerton, K. E.
帝王谷的颗粒物 (PM) 来源于多种来源，例如农业、边境口岸的交通、跨境城市墨西卡利的排放以及索尔顿海干涸的湖床。加利福尼亚州帝王谷的沙尘暴经常导致 PM10（直径小于 10 微米）超过联邦空气质量标准。为了确定帝国县 PM 的成分和生物反应是否存在大小差异，从位于索尔顿海以南山谷最北端的采样装置采集了环境 PM 样本。分别收集和提取超细、细和粗 PM 样品。提取后使用多种分析技术获得每种尺寸级分的化学成分，并通过将巨噬细胞系暴露于颗粒并量化随后的基因表达来测量生物反应。生物学测量表明，粗颗粒 PM 会诱导巨噬细胞炎症反应，炎症标志物 IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8 和 CXCL2 表达增加，而超细颗粒和细颗粒 PM 仅显示 CYP1a1 表达显着增加。这些不同的反应不仅归因于颗粒尺寸，还归因于每个尺寸派别的不同化学特征。帝王谷的社区团体已经完成了多个项目，以更多地了解当地的空气质量，让居民能够获取实时 PM2.5 和 PM10 水平的数据，以及根据当前 AQI（空气质量指数）提出的基于健康的做法建议。然而，迄今为止，还没有关于该地区环境 PM 的成分或毒性的信息。这里提供的数据可以提供有关颗粒物大小毒性的更明确的信息，并进一步向社区通报当地的空气质量。
Particulate matter (PM) in Imperial Valley originates from a variety of sources such as agriculture, traffic at the border crossing, emissions from the cross-border city of Mexicali, and the drying lakebed of the Salton Sea. Dust storms in Imperial Valley, California regularly lead to exceedances of the federal air quality standards for PM10 (diameter less than 10 mu m). To determine if there are differences in the composition and biological response to Imperial County PM by size, ambient PM samples were collected from a sampling unit stationed in the northern-most part of the valley, South of the Salton Sea. Ultrafine, fine, and coarse PM samples were collected and extracted separately. Chemical composition of each size fraction was obtained after extraction by using several analytical techniques, and biological response was measured by exposing a cell line of macrophages to particles and quantifying subsequent gene expression. Biological measurements demonstrated coarse PM induced an inflammatory response in macrophages measured in increases of inflammatory markers IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL2 expression, whereas ultrafine and fine PM only demonstrated significant increases in expression of CYP1a1. These differential responses were due not only to particle size, but to the distinct chemical profiles of each size faction as well. Community groups in Imperial Valley have already completed several projects to learn more about local air quality, giving residents access to data that provides real-time levels of PM2.5 and PM10 as well as recommendations on health-based practices dependent on the current AQI (air quality index). However, to date there is no information on the composition or toxicity of ambient PM from the region. The data presented here could provide more definitive information on the toxicity of PM by size, and further inform the community on local air quality.