Community vulnerability to changes in the winter road viability and longevity in the western James Bay region of Ontario’s Far North
Community vulnerability to changes in the winter road viability and longevity in the western James Bay region of Ontario’s Far North
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安大略省远北詹姆斯湾西部地区冬季道路可行性和寿命变化对社区的脆弱性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
L. Tsuji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Hori;W. Gough;Benita Y. Tam;L. Tsuji
由陆地、麝香和结冰的湖泊和河流上的冰雪道路组成的冬季道路网络一直是并将继续成为安大略省远北地区偏远的北部原住民 (FN) 社区的重要季节性生命线。本研究探讨了奥尔巴尼堡社区当前对物理、社会和经济影响的脆弱性，这些影响与冬季道路及其季节以及河流冰情的可行性和寿命的变化有关。对主要知情人进行半定向访谈（n = 8），并对冬季道路使用者进行结构化调查（n = 54），以收集当地有关冬季道路演变以及冬季道路条件和季节的气候和环境变化的知识。还研究了穆斯河、奥尔巴尼河和阿塔瓦皮斯卡特河的河冰破裂和洪水事件的趋势。这项研究的结果表明，气候因素，特别是气温和降雪，直接影响了詹姆斯湾冬季道路的建设和维护。对这三条河流春季洪水的趋势分析显示，过去几十年来，这三条河流的洪水在统计上显着增加（p≤≤0.01）；因此，近年来，附近社区的洪水已成为更加严重的威胁。为了应对气候变化对冬季道路的影响，已经启动了一些短期和中期适应战略；然而，有必要为安大略省远北地区的偏远北部社区制定长期规划和可行的适应措施。
A network of winter roads that consists of snow-ice roads over land, muskeg, and frozen lakes and rivers has been and continues to be a critical seasonal lifeline in remote-northern First Nation (FN) communities in Ontario’s Far North. This study examines current vulnerability of the Fort Albany community to physical, social, and economic impacts associated with the changing of the viability and longevity of winter roads and its seasons, as well as the river ice regimes. Semi-directive interviews with key informants (n = 8) and structured surveys with winter road users (n = 54) were conducted to gather local knowledge about the evolution of winter roads and climatic and environmental changes in winter road conditions and seasons. Trends in the river ice breakup and flood events for the Moose River, Albany River, and Attawapiskat River were also examined. The results of this study indicate that climatic factors, particularly air temperature and snowfall, have directly affected the construction and maintenance of the James Bay Winter Road. Trend analyses of spring flooding for the three rivers exhibit statistically significant increases (p ≤ 0.01) over the past few decades; thus, flooding in nearby communities has become a more significant threat in recent years. A few short- and medium-term adaptation strategies have been initiated in response to the impacts of climate change on winter roads; however, developing long-term planning and feasible adaptation for remote-northern communities in Ontario’s Far North is necessary.