The feasibility and acceptability of various bovine brucellosis control strategies in India
The feasibility and acceptability of various bovine brucellosis control strategies in India
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印度各种牛布鲁氏菌病控制策略的可行性和可接受性
DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105291
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发表时间：
2021-02-11
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gill, Jatinder P. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dhand, Navneet K.;Singh, Jaswinder;Gill, Jatinder P. S.
牛布鲁氏菌病是一种被忽视的人畜共患疾病，在包括印度在内的几个发展中国家流行。在许多发达国家，通过使用疫苗接种并结合广泛的监测和测试和扑杀方法，已经成功地控制了这种情况，但其中一些方法不适合印度的文化和规范。本研究旨在调查印度各种牛布鲁氏菌病控制策略的可行性和社会可接受性。与兽医、准兽医、兽医学者、农民和其他利益相关者进行了焦点小组讨论和关键信息访谈。接种布鲁氏菌19株疫苗被认为是可行的，但参与者担心自行接种的风险、无法为怀孕和雄性动物接种疫苗、区分接种疫苗与患病动物的困难以及在印度维持疫苗冷链的挑战。正如预期的那样，测试和扑杀的方法被认为是不可行的，因为印度教徒认为牛是神圣的，并且大多数州都禁止屠宰牛。虽然“试验隔离”的做法在理论上看似合理，但如果在不向农民提供任何补偿的情况下实施，其可接受性会很低。农民实施的生物安全措施微不足道：几乎没有对进入农场的游客执行生物安全程序，而且在将动物引入农场之前很少对动物进行测试。然而，参与者认为，提高生物安全性比测试和剔除和测试和隔离方法更容易接受和可行。同样，兽医人员在处理分娩、保留胎盘和堕胎案件时，个人防护措施不足；这被认为是另一个可能改进的领域。农民和兽医对流浪牛表示严重担忧，因为其中许多牛可能感染布鲁氏菌病，从而可能在农场之间传播感染。这项研究建议在印度使用疫苗接种和生物安全以及一些辅助策略来控制布鲁氏菌病。该研究的信息可用于为该国制定基于证据的疾病控制计划。
Bovine brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent in several developing countries including India. It has been successfully controlled in many developed countries by using vaccination in conjunction with extensive surveillance and test-and-cull approaches, but some of these approaches do not suit Indian culture and norms. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and social acceptability of various bovine brucellosis control strategies in India. Focus group discussions and key-informant interviews were conducted with veterinarians, para-veterinarians, veterinary academics, farmers and other stakeholders. Vaccination with the Brucella strain 19 vaccine was considered feasible, but the participants were concerned about the risk of self-inoculation, the inability to vaccinate pregnant and male animals, the difficulty to differentiate vaccinated from diseased animals and the challenges of maintaining the vaccine cold chain in India. As expected, the test-and-cull approach was not considered feasible as cattle are considered sacred by Hindus and their slaughter is banned in most states. Although the test-and-segregation approach appears reasonable in theory, it would have low acceptability, if implemented without providing any compensation to farmers. Negligible biosecurity was implemented by farmers: almost no biosecurity procedures were performed for visitors entering a farm, and testing of animals was rarely undertaken before introducing them to a farm. However, the participants considered that improving biosecurity would be more acceptable and feasible than both the test-and-cull and the test-and-segregation approaches. Similarly, inadequate personal protection was used by veterinary personnel for handling parturition, retention of placenta and abortion cases; this was considered as another area of possible improvement. Farmers and veterinarians expressed serious concerns about stray cattle as many of them could potentially be infected with brucellosis, and thus could spread the infection between farms. This study recommends using vaccination and biosecurity along with some ancillary strategies to control brucellosis in India. Information from the study could be used to develop an evidence-based disease control program for the disease in the country.