Evaluating Management Factor Contributions to Reduce Corn Yield Gaps
Evaluating Management Factor Contributions to Reduce Corn Yield Gaps
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj14.0355
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Below, Frederick E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruffo, Matias L.;Gentry, Laura F.;Below, Frederick E.
由于人口不断增长，需要加强农业生产，因此需要缩小产量差距。在2009年和2010年，评估了五个管理因素对玉米减产的单独和累积贡献。玉米-大豆组合的产量差距和产量构成因素[MERR.]旋转。对5个管理因素(植株密度、转基因抗虫性、含毒杀真菌剂、P-S锌肥力和氮肥肥力)进行了评价。含有这些因素的不完全析因设计得到了12个处理，包括两个对照：高技术(HT)和标准技术(ST)，包括所有五个因素分别应用于补充水平或标准水平。与ST对照相比，HT对照的产量为2.9 mg ha(-1)(不同地点和年份的产量为2.12-3.50 mg ha(-1))，这表明了传统农业实践与现有技术所能达到的产量之间的差距。除植物种群外，所有管理因素都是缩小产量差距所必需的。与ST系统相比，杀菌剂和苏云金芽孢杆菌基因(Bt)的特性提供了最大的增产效果。从地点和年份的平均值来看，如果每个因素都被排除在HT系统之外，产量就会随着籽粒数的减少而下降。当所有其他投入都在补充水平上应用时，增加的植株密度缩小了产量差距。籽粒数比粒重对产量的影响更大。当作为全部补充投入的一部分应用时，每个因素对产量的贡献比单独加入标准投入系统时更大。
The need to intensify agricultural production due to a growing human population requires yield gaps to be closed. In 2009 and 2010, five management factors were assessed for their individual and cumulative contributions to reducing the corn (Zea mays L.) yield gap and yield components in a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Five management factors (plant population, transgenic insect resistance, fungicide containing strobilurin, P-S-Zn fertility, and N fertility) were evaluated. An incomplete factorial design with these factors resulted in 12 treatments, including two controls: high technology (HT) and standard technology (ST), comprising all five factors applied at the supplemental or the standard level, respectively. The HT control yielded 2.9 Mg ha(-1) (2.12-3.50 Mg ha(-1) across sites and years) more grain (28%) than the ST control, demonstrating the yield gap between traditional farm practice and attainable yield using available technologies. All management factors except plant population were necessary for reducing the yield gap. Fungicide and Bacillius thuringiensis gene (Bt) traits provided the greatest yield increases compared to the ST system. Averaged over sites and years, if each factor was withheld from the HT system, yield decreased by decreasing kernel number. Increased plant population reduced the yield gap when all other inputs were applied at the supplemental level. Kernel number was more significant for increasing yield than kernel weight. The yield contribution of each factor was greater when applied as part of a full complement of supplemental inputs than when added individually to the standard input system.