Gut microbiota and obesity: lessons from the microbiome
Gut microbiota and obesity: lessons from the microbiome
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DOI：
10.1093/bfgp/elt014
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Cani, Patrice D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cani, Patrice D.
远端肠道的微生物群落数量超过了我们自己的真核细胞。肠道微生物群对几种疾病（如肥胖、2型糖尿病、脂肪变性、心血管疾病和炎症性肠病）的发展的贡献正在变得越来越清楚，尽管在人类身上的因果关系仍有待证实。肠道微生物群的全球变化已经通过许多培养依赖性和非培养依赖性方法观察到，而后者主要包括16S核糖体RNA基因分析，最近的研究利用了整个微生物群落的DNA测序。总之，这些高通量方法有助于鉴定新的候选细菌，最重要的是，可能与肥胖和2型糖尿病相关的代谢功能。这篇综述讨论了特定分类群与肥胖之间的关系，以及在肥胖和2型糖尿病的背景下用于表征肠道微生物群的技术。最近的研究结果在肠道微生物群与宿主代谢相互作用的框架内进行了讨论。
The distal gut harbours microbial communities that outnumber our own eukaryotic cells. The contribution of the gut microbiota to the development of several diseases (e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes, steatosis, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases) is becoming clear, although the causality remains to be proven in humans. Global changes in the gut microbiota have been observed by a number of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, and while the latter have mostly included 16S ribosomal RNA gene analyses, more recent studies have utilized DNA sequencing of whole-microbial communities. Altogether, these high-throughput methods have facilitated the identification of novel candidate bacteria and, most importantly, metabolic functions that might be associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the association between specific taxa and obesity, together with the techniques that are used to characterize the gut microbiota in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recent results are discussed in the framework of the interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism.