Effect of Slope Length and Rainfall Intensity on Runoff and Erosion Conversion from Laboratory to Field
Effect of Slope Length and Rainfall Intensity on Runoff and Erosion Conversion from Laboratory to Field
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DOI：
10.1134/s0097807819040080
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Wang, Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fu, X. T.;Zhang, L. P.;Wang, Y.
水土流失预测在很大程度上依赖于室内水槽试验数据。必须有一个可靠的方法，从实验室收集的数据外推到更大的领域。在这项研究中，设计了一系列的实验，使用降雨模拟器在实验室水槽与不同的表面积（范围从0.5至2.5米（2）），以及在4和20米（2）之间的表面积的现场图。无论是水槽和田间小区具有相同的坡度（20度），表面性状（裸坡）和土壤类型（红壤）。我们改变降雨强度从30到150毫米/小时，并测量径流和侵蚀。结果证实，在现场的实际侵蚀不能简单地从实验室数据外推，而是我们表明，侵蚀模数直接关系到表面积和降雨强度在实验室和现场实验。然而，表面积对径流的影响更为复杂。与地表面积相比，降雨强度对径流量的影响更为显著。根据试验结果，探讨了转换系数的计算方法，建立了转换系数与降雨强度和田间试验面积比的关系模型。该模型可为实验室到野外的转换提供参考，并可在野外进行更大范围的土壤侵蚀预测。
Predictions of soil and water loss at large extents often relies on data obtained from laboratory flume experiments. It is necessary to have a reliable approach to extrapolate from laboratory collected data to larger field areas. In this study, a series of experiments were designed using rainfall simulator on laboratory flumes with varying surface areas (ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 m(2)) as well as field plots ranging in surface areas between 4 and 20 m(2). Both the flumes and field plots had the same slope gradient (20 degrees), surface trait (bare slope) and soil type (red soil). We varied rainfall intensities from 30 to 150 mm/h, and measured runoff and erosion. Results confirmed that actual erosion in field cannot be simply extrapolated from laboratory data, rather we showed that erosion modulus directly relates to surface area and rainfall intensity in both the laboratory and field experiments. However, the effect of surface area on runoff is more complicated. Compared to surface area, rainfall intensity showed more pronounced influence on runoff. Based on our experimental results, a conversion calculation method was investigated and a conversion coefficient model, which is a function of rainfall intensity and ratio of field area to laboratory area, was introduced. The model provides a reference for laboratory to field conversions and allows for soil erosion prediction at larger extents in the field.