PREFLIGHT SIGNALING IN SWANS - A MECHANISM FOR GROUP COHESION AND FLOCK FORMATION
PREFLIGHT SIGNALING IN SWANS - A MECHANISM FOR GROUP COHESION AND FLOCK FORMATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00707.x
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发表时间：
1988-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
BLACK, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLACK, JM
研究人员研究了大天鹅（scygnus cygnus）和比威克（Bewick）的天鹅（scygnus columbianus bewicki）的飞行前行为，以确定这种仪式的适应性意义。对飞行前序列的分析表明，随着起飞时间的临近，信号的速度明显加快。这提供了第一个定量证据，表明兴奋性阈值是触发社会单位同步逃跑的原因。发现了影响这一阈值的两个最终因素和两个近似因素。它们是：1)保持与伴侣的接近——配偶不专心的鸟类飞行延迟，信号传递的时间平均是配偶表现出更感兴趣的鸟类的四倍。2)保持群体凝聚力——在不感兴趣的鸟类中游泳时，发出信号的时间较长的鸟类，在61%的情况下成功地吸引了追随者。3)鸟类的进食表现与优势地位有关——不太成功的喂食者（可能是饥饿的鸟类），在很少的时间和很少的信号后飞行。4)在最终目的地的觅食机会类型——飞到提供饲料（有营养的大麦）的鸟比飞到草地上觅食的鸟花更少的时间执行飞行前信号。
The preflight behaviour of whooper swansCygnus cygnusand Bewick's swansCygnus columbianus bewickiiwas examined to determine the adaptive significance of the ritual. Analysis of the preflight sequence revealed that the rate of signalling became significantly faster as the time of takeoff approached. This provides the first quantitative evidence that a threshold of excitability is responsible for triggering synchronised flight in social units. Two ultimate and two proximate factors that affect this threshold were uncovered. They are: 1) Maintaining proximity to partners—flight was delayed by birds with non‐attentive mates and signalling lasted on average four times longer than those whose mates showed more interest. 2) Maintaining flock cohesiveness—birds which performed signals for longer periods while swimming among uninterested birds were successful in attracting followers 61% of the time. 3) The bird's feeding performance related to dominance status—less successful feeders (potentially hungry birds), flew after little time and few signals. 4) The type of feeding opportunity at the eventual destination—birds which flew to provided feeds (nutritious barley) spent less time performing preflight signals than when they flew to forage on grass fields.