Superfluidity in nuclear systems and neutron stars
Superfluidity in nuclear systems and neutron stars
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DOI：
10.1140/epja/i2019-12863-6
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Sedrakian;J. W. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Sedrakian;J. W. Clark
核物质和有限核通过形成库珀对而表现出超流的性质。我们回顾了用来理解超流核系统基本性质的微观理论和方法，重点是在中子星、超新星包层和核碰撞中遇到的空间扩展的物质。我们对量子多体方法的概述包括使用格林函数、关联基函数和量子态的蒙特卡罗抽样的技术。在核子和强子超流体的经验实现方面，本文着重介绍了在微观配对理论水平上对核子和强子超流体性质的定量理解所取得的进展，重点是在中子星内部普遍存在的条件下的凝聚体。其中包括地壳内中子的单重态-波配对，以及量子流体内部的单态-S质子配对和三重态耦合的P-F波中子配对。此外，在格林函数形式下对中子星超流体中弱相互作用率的计算也进行了详细的研究。最后，我们讨论了核系统中的量子涡旋态及其在中子星超流体内部的动力学。
Nuclear matter and finite nuclei exhibit the property of superfluidity by forming Cooper pairs. We review the microscopic theories and methods that are being employed to understand the basic properties of superfluid nuclear systems, with emphasis on the spatially extended matter encountered in neutron stars, supernova envelopes, and nuclear collisions. Our survey of quantum many-body methods includes techniques that employ Green functions, correlated basis functions, and Monte Carlo sampling of quantum states. With respect to empirical realizations of nucleonic and hadronic superfluids, this review is focused on progress that has been made toward quantitative understanding of their properties at the level of microscopic theories of pairing, with emphasis on the condensates that exist under conditions prevailing in neutron-star interiors. These include singletS-wave pairing of neutrons in the inner crust, and, in the quantum fluid interior, singlet-Sproton pairing and triplet coupledP-F-wave neutron pairing. Additionally, calculations of weak-interaction rates in neutron-star superfluids within the Green function formalism are examined in detail. We close with a discussion of quantum vortex states in nuclear systems and their dynamics in neutron-star superfluid interiors.