An exploration of the multiple motivations for spending less time at work
An exploration of the multiple motivations for spending less time at work
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DOI：
10.1177/0961463x20953945
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发表时间：
2020-09-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Coutts, Adam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balderson, Ursula;Burchell, Brendan;Coutts, Adam
这篇文章作出了重大的实证贡献，我们的理解，为什么在英国的人没有照顾孩子的责任，积极减少或限制他们花在有薪就业的时间。我们展示了就业的负面因素（推动因素）和希望以更多样化和更愉快的方式度过时间的愿望（拉动因素）如何相互作用，以产生减少工作时间的决定。推动因素包括过度的工作量和困难或乏味的任务，这可能导致压力和精神疲惫。对于非标准时间表工作的人来说，他们对时间的缺乏控制可能会使他们难以享受可用的空闲时间。我们已经确定的拉动因素包括创伤性经历，如疾病或亲人的早逝，这可能会导致对时间重要性的认识增加。同样重要的是，人们渴望发展与工作时间身份无关的技能和主观能动性。采访中的一个首要主题是全职工作会导致自主权的丧失，减少工作时间是获得更大自由的途径。这些动机与经验和主要是定量的文献中存在的对WTRU的理解形成对比，这些文献强调了结构性限制，这些限制往往迫使妇女特别是由于育儿责任而从事非全时工作。鉴于人们日益关注长时间工作会加剧多种社会、经济和环境问题，因此，探讨短时间工作者的动机是有意义的。我们认为，更深入地了解为什么个人想工作少，可以帮助促进“启动”运动，旨在增加需求的WTRU更普遍。
This article makes a significant empirical contribution to our understanding of why people in the United Kingdom without childcare responsibilities actively reduce or limit the amount of time they spend in paid employment. We show how the negative aspects of employment (push factors) and the desire to spend time in more varied and enjoyable ways (pull factors) interact to produce decisions to enact working time reductions (WTRs). The push factors include excessive workloads and difficult or tedious tasks which can result in stress and mental exhaustion. For people working non-standard schedules, their lack of control over hours can make it difficult to enjoy the free time that is available. The pull factors we have identified include traumatic experiences such as illness or the early death of a loved one which can lead to an increased awareness of the salience of time. Also important was the desire to develop skills and subjectivities unrelated to work-time identities. An overarching theme in the interviews was the idea that full-time work leads to a loss of autonomy, and a reduction in hours is a route to greater freedom. These motivations are contrasted with understandings of WTRs present in the empirical and predominantly quantitative literature which highlight the structural constraints that often force women in particular into part-time work as a result of childcare responsibilities. An exploration of the motivations of short-hour workers is pertinent, given increasing concern that long hours of work exacerbate multiple social, economic and environmental problems. We suggest that a deeper understanding of why individuals want to work less could help facilitate 'priming' campaigns aimed at increasing demand for WTRs more generally.