Ballast minerals and the sinking carbon flux in the ocean: carbon-specific respiration rates and sinking velocity of marine snow aggregates
Ballast minerals and the sinking carbon flux in the ocean: carbon-specific respiration rates and sinking velocity of marine snow aggregates
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DOI：
10.5194/bg-7-2613-2010
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Ploug, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iversen, M. H.;Ploug, H.
最近的观测表明，压载矿物（碳酸钙，蛋白石，和成石物质）和有机碳通量的通量密切相关的海洋深海区。因此，据推测，海洋聚集体内的生物矿物质的掺入可以保护有机物免于分解和/或通过聚集体的压载增加下沉速度。在这里，我们提出了第一个组合数据的大小，下沉速度，碳特定的呼吸速率，并直接在三个聚集体类型测量组成; Emiliania huxleyi聚集体（碳酸盐压载），中肋骨条藻聚集体（蛋白石压载），和聚集体从混合E。huxleyi和S.中肋骨（碳酸盐和蛋白石压载）。总体平均碳比呼吸速率与0.13 d（-1）相似，并且不随聚集体类型和大小而变化。从碳酸盐压载导致2- 2.5倍的下沉速度比蛋白石压载的骨料。我们收集了不同组成和来源的团聚体中碳比呼吸速率和沉降速度的文献数据。编制的碳比呼吸速率（包括本研究）在0.08 d（-1）和0.20 d（-1）之间变化。在均质骨料源中，下沉速度随骨料粒径的增大而增大。然而，在不同的颗粒和骨料来源进行比较时，下沉速度似乎是独立的颗粒或骨料的大小。每米沉降的碳呼吸速率在0.0002 ~ 0.0030 m（-1）之间变化，并随团聚体粒径的增大而减小。方解石压载的骨料比类似大小的蛋白石压载的骨料低。
Recent observations have shown that fluxes of ballast minerals (calcium carbonate, opal, and lithogenic material) and organic carbon fluxes are closely correlated in the bathypelagic zones of the ocean. Hence it has been hypothesized that incorporation of biogenic minerals within marine aggregates could either protect the organic matter from decomposition and/or increase the sinking velocity via ballasting of the aggregates. Here we present the first combined data on size, sinking velocity, carbon-specific respiration rate, and composition measured directly in three aggregate types; Emiliania huxleyi aggregates (carbonate ballasted), Skeletonema costatum aggregates (opal ballasted), and aggregates made from a mix of both E. huxleyi and S. costatum (carbonate and opal ballasted). Overall average carbon-specific respiration rate was similar to 0.13 d(-1) and did not vary with aggregate type and size. Ballasting from carbonate resulted in 2- to 2.5-fold higher sinking velocities than those of aggregates ballasted by opal. We compiled literature data on carbon-specific respiration rate and sinking velocity measured in aggregates of different composition and sources. Compiled carbon-specific respiration rates (including this study) vary between 0.08 d(-1) and 0.20 d(-1). Sinking velocity increases with increasing aggregate size within homogeneous sources of aggregates. When compared across different particle and aggregate sources, however, sinking velocity appeared to be independent of particle or aggregate size. The carbon-specific respiration rate per meter settled varied between 0.0002 m(-1) and 0.0030 m(-1), and decreased with increasing aggregate size. It was lower for calcite ballasted aggregates as compared to that of similar sized opal ballasted aggregates.