Application of genome-editing systems to enhance available pig resources for agriculture and biomedicine.
Application of genome-editing systems to enhance available pig resources for agriculture and biomedicine.
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DOI：
10.1071/rd19273
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发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Uh K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee K;Farrell K;Uh K
传统上，在猪身上进行基因工程是一项具有挑战性的任务。体细胞基因工程和体细胞核移植(SCNT)可以产生携带特定部位修饰的基因工程(GE)猪。然而，由于体细胞基因组工程的困难和与SCNT相关的发育缺陷，报道的GE猪模型数量有限。基因组编辑工具的最新发展，如ZFN、TALENS、CRISPR/Cas9系统，极大地改变了制作GE猪模型所需的工作量和时间。在体细胞中进行基因工程的频率现在是可行的。此外，由于直接将基因组编辑系统注射到发育中的胚胎中引入了有针对性的修改，SCNT不再是生产携带特定位点修饰的转基因猪所必需的。到目前为止，CRISPR/Cas9系统是最方便、最经济、最及时、最常用的基因组编辑技术。使用CRISPR/CAS9系统已经生成了一些适用的生物医学和农业猪模型。尽管基因组编辑系统的使用显著提高了基因工程的效率，但仍需改进以最大限度地利用这项新兴技术。基因组编辑策略目前和未来的进展将对农业和生物医学中使用的猪模型产生巨大影响。
Traditionally, genetic engineering in the pig was a challenging task. Genetic engineering of somatic cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) could produce genetically engineered (GE) pigs carrying site-specific modifications. However, due to difficulties in engineering the genome of somatic cells and developmental defects associated with SCNT, a limited number of GE pig models were reported. Recent developments in genome editing tools, such as ZFNs, TALENs, CRISPR/Cas9 system, have dramatically changed the effort and time required to produce GE pig models. The frequency of genetic engineering in somatic cells is now practical. In addition, SCNT is no longer essential in producing GE pigs carrying site-specific modifications, as direct injection of genome editing systems into developing embryos introduces targeted modifications. To date, CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most convenient, cost effective, timely, and commonly used genome editing technology. A number of applicable biomedicine and agriculture pig models have been generated using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Although efficiency of genetic engineering has been remarkably enhanced with the use of genome editing systems, improvements are still needed to optimally utilize the emerging technology. The current and future advancements in genome editing strategies will have a monumental impact on pig models used in agriculture and biomedicine.