Appetite Control: worm's-eye-view.
Appetite Control: worm's-eye-view.
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DOI：
10.1080/19768354.2012.716791
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发表时间：
2012-10
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Avery L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
You YJ;Avery L
食物对任何动物来说都很重要，而且很大一部分行为都与确保足够的营养有关。两种主要的营养感觉，饥饿感和饱腹感，会产生相反的行为。饥饿的动物寻找食物，增加探索行为，一旦遇到食物就继续进食。饱足的动物减少探索行为，休息，停止进食。饥饿或饱足的信号及其对生理和行为的影响不仅取决于动物当前的营养状况，还取决于动物进化的经历和环境。在我们这个新的、营养丰富的环境中，对食欲的不当控制会导致从厌食症到目前流行的肥胖症等疾病。尽管最近取得了非凡的进展，但遗传对食欲控制的贡献仍然知之甚少，部分原因是缺乏简单的遗传模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论目前了解的分子和细胞机制，动物调节食物的摄入量取决于他们的营养状况。然后，集中在相对较少了解的毒蕈碱和cGMP信号，我们将讨论饥饿和饱腹感的分子和行为方面是如何在一个简单的无脊椎动物模型系统，C。我们可以用它来了解控制食欲的遗传学。
Food is important to any animal, and a large part of the behavioral repertoire is concerned with ensuring adequate nutrition. Two main nutritional sensations, hunger and satiety, produce opposite behaviors. Hungry animals seek food, increase exploratory behavior and continue feeding once they encounter food. Satiated animals decrease exploratory behavior, take rest, and stop feeding. The signals of hunger or satiety and their effects on physiology and behavior will depend not only on the animal’s current nutritional status but also on its experience and the environment in which the animal evolved. In our novel, nutritionally rich environment, improper control of appetite contributes to diseases from anorexia to the current epidemic of obesity. Despite extraordinary recent advances, genetic contribution to appetite control is still poorly understood partly due to lack of simple genetic model systems. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms by which animals regulate food intake depending on their nutritional status. Then, focusing on relatively less known muscarinic and cGMP signals, we will discuss how the molecular and behavioral aspects of hunger and satiety are conserved in a simple invertebrate model system, C. elegans so as for us to use it to understand the genetics of appetite control.