Community Design and Crime: The Impact of housing and the Built Environment
Community Design and Crime: The Impact of housing and the Built Environment
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DOI：
10.1086/681558
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MacDonald, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacDonald, John
犯罪受到建筑环境的影响。打破窗户、通过环境设计预防犯罪、情景预防犯罪以及犯罪机会供求的经济学理论提供了解释。分区、街道和住房的设计、公共交通的位置和土地使用以增加或减少犯罪的方式塑造了建筑环境。横截面研究表明，建筑环境的元素与特定地方的犯罪率有关。准实验研究表明，分区和街道配置、住房配置和设计以及公共交通的使用等方面的变化有助于控制犯罪。这种变化影响犯罪的机制尚不清楚，但犯罪机会供应的变化很可能发挥了作用。这个证据是有希望的。它表明可以改造建筑环境以减少犯罪和对刑事司法制裁的依赖。以地点为基础的实验，操纵建筑环境的特征，将为政策制定者提供证据，用于以减少犯罪的方式设计城市。
Crime is influenced by the built environment. Broken windows, crime prevention through environmental design, situational crime prevention, and economic theories of the supply of and demand for criminal opportunities offer explanations. Zoning, designs of streets and housing, locations of public transit, and land uses shape the built environment in ways that can increase or reduce crime. Cross-sectional research shows that elements of the built environment are associated with crime rates in particular places. Quasi experimental studies show that changes in zoning and street configurations, configuration and design of housing, and access to public transit can help manage crime. The mechanisms by which such changes influence crime are not well understood, though shifts in the supply of criminal opportunities most likely play a role. This evidence is promising. It suggests that the built environment can he modified to reduce both crime and reliance on criminal justice sanctions. Place-based experiments that manipulate features of the built environment will provide evidence for policy makers to use in designing cities in ways that reduce crime.