Ultracold Chemistry
Ultracold Chemistry
复制标题
超冷化学
DOI：
10.1126/science.1186703
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
J. Hutson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hutson
将原子和分子冷却到超低温度，可以研究量子控制的化学反应。化学家通常在几十或几百开尔文的温度下研究反应，其中反应速率在许多不同的能量和碰撞的初始条件下被平均。但现在，新的技术使制造分子并将其捕获在绝对零度的百万分之一度以内成为可能。在这里，所有的热平均化都被去除了；分子占据了可能的最低量子平移态，并且它们的所有运动都是完全可控的。在本期第853页，Ospelkaus等人。(1)描述在这一新的制度下分子之间的化学反应，并发现微小的变化，例如反转单一核自旋的方向，可以对化学反应如何(以及是否)发生产生深远的影响。
Cooling atoms and molecules to ultralow temperatures allows the study of quantum-controlled chemical reactions. Chemists usually study reactions at temperatures of tens or hundreds of kelvin, where reaction rates are averaged over many different energies and initial conditions for collision. But new techniques are now making it possible to produce molecules and trap them at temperatures within one-millionth of a degree of absolute zero. Here, all the thermal averaging is removed; the molecules occupy the lowest possible quantum translational states, and all their motions are completely controllable. On page 853 of this issue, Ospelkaus et al. (1) describe chemical reactions between molecules in this new regime and find that tiny changes, such as flipping the orientation of a single nuclear spin, can have profound consequences for how (and whether) chemical reactions occur.