From Early Domesticated Rice of the Middle Yangtze Basin to Millet, Rice and Wheat Agriculture: Archaeobotanical Macro-Remains from Baligang, Nanyang Basin, Central China (6700-500 BC).
From Early Domesticated Rice of the Middle Yangtze Basin to Millet, Rice and Wheat Agriculture: Archaeobotanical Macro-Remains from Baligang, Nanyang Basin, Central China (6700-500 BC).
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从中扬兹盆地的早期驯化米饭到小米，米饭和小麦农业：来自中国中部南南盆地巴利甘（Baligang）的考古植物学宏观雷（Baligang）（公元前6700 - 500年）。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0139885
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fuller DQ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deng Z;Qin L;Gao Y;Weisskopf AR;Zhang C;Fuller DQ
八里岗是长江中游北方支流上的一个新石器时代遗址，提供了从公元前第七千年到公元前第一千年的漫长的考古植物序列。它为公元前4300年至公元前1800年之间，北方（仰韶和龙山）和南方（屈家岭和石家河）文化联系的转变影响了水稻和小米农业的发展提供了证据。本文报告了植物大残留物（种子），从123个样本（1700升）的系统浮选，产生超过10,000个可识别的遗骸。最早的前仰韶占领的网站提供了证据，种植水稻（水稻）之间6300-6700 BC。这种水稻似乎已经驯化的基础上占主导地位的非粉碎小穗基地。然而，在颗粒大小的变化方面尚未完成，因为颗粒仍然比最近的再生稻更薄，颗粒形状更接近野生稻。这种早期水稻是与野生主食，特别是橡子（Quercus/Lithopropus sensu lato）一起种植的。在后来的时期，这些遗址有证据表明水稻和小米（Setaria italica和Panicum miliaceum）混合种植。大豆在石家河时期（约公元前2500年）出现在遗址上，小麦（Triticum cf. aestivum），在龙山晚期（公元前2200-1800年）。杂草植物群表明，随着时间的推移，水稻农业的集约化，湿地杂草的证据越来越多。我们将这些数据解释为早期冲积漫滩和一些水稻的机会主义种植，从仰韶时期开始发展到更系统的灌溉种植，在屈家岭和石家河时期得到加强，然后在北方龙山文化晚期的影响下转向强调小米。
Baligang is a Neolithic site on a northern tributary of the middle Yangtze and provides a long archaeobotanical sequence from the Seventh Millennium BC upto the First Millennium BC. It provides evidence for developments in rice and millet agriculture influenced by shifting cultural affiliation with the north (Yangshao and Longshan) and south (Qujialing and Shijiahe) between 4300 and 1800 BC. This paper reports on plant macro-remains (seeds), from systematic flotation of 123 samples (1700 litres), producing more than 10,000 identifiable remains. The earliest Pre-Yangshao occupation of the sites provide evidence for cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa) between 6300–6700 BC. This rice appears already domesticated in on the basis of a dominance of non-shattering spikelet bases. However, in terms of grain size changes has not yet finished, as grains are still thinner than more recent domesaticated rice and are closer in grain shape to wild rices. This early rice was cultivated alongside collection of wild staple foods, especially acorns (Quercus/Lithicarpus sensu lato). In later periods the sites has evidence for mixed farming of both rice and millets (Setaria italica and Panicum miliaceum). Soybean appears on the site in the Shijiahe period (ca.2500 BC) and wheat (Triticum cf. aestivum) in the Late Longshan levels (2200–1800 BC). Weed flora suggests an intensification of rice agriculture over time with increasing evidence of wetland weeds. We interpret these data as indicating early opportunistic cultivation of alluvial floodplains and some rainfed rice, developing into more systematic and probably irrigated cultivation starting in the Yangshao period, which intensified in the Qujialing and Shijiahe period, before a shift back to an emphasis on millets with the Late Longshan cultural influence from the north.