Sequential enrichment of microbial populations exhibiting enhanced biodegradation of crude oil.
Sequential enrichment of microbial populations exhibiting enhanced biodegradation of crude oil.
复制标题
微生物种群的连续富集表现出原油生物降解能力的增强。
DOI：
10.1139/m95-106
复制
发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
S. Harayama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Venkateswaran;S. Harayama
对日本北海道沿岸水域和沉积物中石油降解细菌的分布进行了调查。混合微生物种群降解风化原油的潜力并不局限于任何生态成分（水或沉积物），也不局限于采样站。一种在重复继代培养过程中保持稳定的微生物培养物在初始筛选期间的 10 天内降解了原油中 45% 的饱和化合物和 20% 的芳烃。通过氯仿提取该培养物中残留的碳氢化合物并分散在新鲜海水基培养基中，随后用来自第一培养物的微生物接种。在第二培养物完全生长后，再次提取残留的碳氢化合物并将其分散在已接种来自第二培养物的微生物的新鲜培养基中。这个连续的过程进行了六次，以富集那些在原油的顽固成分上生长的微生物。在将残余原油反复暴露于富集的微生物之后，最初添加的原油的约80%被降解。保留每个富集循环后获得的培养物，并检查富集的微生物对新鲜原油的降解。富集培养物的降解活性随着富集循环次数的增加而增加。在残余原油上经过六次选择的微生物群体可以降解原油中 70% 的饱和烃和 30% 的芳烃。因此，残余原油上微生物种群的生长提高了其生物降解原油的能力。
The distribution of oil-degrading bacteria in the coastal water and sediments of Hokkaido, Japan, was surveyed. The potential of mixed microbial populations to degrade weathered crude oil was not confined to any ecological components (water or sediment) nor to the sampling stations. One microbial culture that was stable during repeated subculturing degraded 45% of the saturates and 20% of the aromatics present in crude oil in 10 days during the initial screening. The residual hydrocarbons in this culture were extracted by chloroform and dispersed in a fresh seawater-based medium and subsequently inoculated with microorganisms from the first culture. After full growth of the second culture, the residual hydrocarbons were again extracted and dispersed in a fresh medium in which microorganisms from the second culture had been inoculated. This sequential process was carried out six times to enrich those microorganisms that grew on the recalcitrant components of crude oil. After repeated exposure of the residual crude oil to the enriched microorganisms, about 80% of the initially added crude oil was degraded. The cultures obtained after each enrichment cycle were kept, and the degradation of fresh crude oil by the enriched microorganisms was examined. The degradative activity of the enriched cultures increased as the number of enrichment cycles increased. A microbial population that had been selected six times on the residual crude oil could degrade 70% of the saturates and 30% of the aromatics of crude oil. Thus, growth of a microbial population on residual crude oil improved its ability to biodegrade crude oil.