Specific Amino Acids Affect Cardiovascular Diseases and Atherogenesis via Protection against Macrophage Foam Cell Formation: Review Article.
Specific Amino Acids Affect Cardiovascular Diseases and Atherogenesis via Protection against Macrophage Foam Cell Formation: Review Article.
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DOI：
10.5041/rmmj.10337
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发表时间：
2018-07-30
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Aviram M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grajeda-Iglesias C;Aviram M
几十年来，人们一直认识到心血管疾病（CVD）、动脉粥样硬化和内源性或外源性脂质之间的密切关系，但低估了其他饮食成分（如氨基酸）对潜在炎症性疾病发病的作用。最近，一些特定的氨基酸与心血管疾病的发生有关，表明它们在心血管疾病的发病机制中起着重要的作用。特别注意支链氨基酸（BCAA）、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸，因为它们的血浆值在心血管疾病风险个体中经常出现高浓度。然而，饮食中的支链氨基酸，尤其是亮氨酸，与动脉粥样硬化指标的改善有关。因此，它们在动脉粥样硬化和伴随的心血管疾病发展过程中的潜在作用尚不清楚。巨噬细胞在动脉粥样硬化的发展中起着关键作用。它们可以通过巨噬细胞泡沫形成的过程积累大量的循环脂质，并启动动脉粥样硬化过程。我们最近在巨噬细胞模型系统中筛选了抗或促动脉粥样硬化氨基酸。我们的研究表明，甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺主要通过调节细胞甘油三酯代谢显著影响巨噬细胞的动脉粥样硬化性。甘氨酸和亮氨酸的抗动脉粥样硬化特性以及谷氨酰胺的促动脉粥样硬化作用也在体内得到证实。需要进一步的研究来确定这些氨基酸在动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病中的作用，这可能为开发抗动脉粥样硬化的营养和治疗方法提供基础。
The strong relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD), atherosclerosis, and endogenous or exogenous lipids has been recognized for decades, underestimating the contribution of other dietary components, such as amino acids, to the initiation of the underlying inflammatory disease. Recently, specific amino acids have been associated with incident cardiovascular disorders, suggesting their significant role in the pathogenesis of CVD. Special attention has been paid to the group of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine, isoleucine, and valine, since their plasma values are frequently found in high concentrations in individuals with CVD risk. Nevertheless, dietary BCAA, leucine in particular, have been associated with improved indicators of atherosclerosis. Therefore, their potential role in the process of atherogenesis and concomitant CVD development remains unclear. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. They can accumulate high amounts of circulating lipids, through a process known as macrophage foam cell formation, and initiate the atherogenesis process. We have recently screened for anti- or pro-atherogenic amino acids in the macrophage model system. Our study showed that glycine, cysteine, alanine, leucine, glutamate, and glutamine significantly affected macrophage atherogenicity mainly through modulation of the cellular triglyceride metabolism. The anti-atherogenic properties of glycine and leucine, and the pro-atherogenic effects of glutamine, were also confirmed in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to define the role of these amino acids in atherosclerosis and CVD, which may serve as a basis for the development of anti-atherogenic nutritional and therapeutic approaches.