Persistent stapedial artery.
Persistent stapedial artery.
复制标题
持续性镫骨动脉。
DOI：
10.1097/00129492-200111000-00044
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Linthicum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Tien;F. Linthicum
镫骨动脉是一种原始的血管结构，通常在人类胎儿生命的第三个月萎缩。1836年，Hyrtl首次报道了镫骨动脉的存在(1)。镫骨动脉起源于颈内动脉，在前下象限进入中耳，经过角状突起，穿过镫骨的闭孔，并在前面通过骨裂转入面管的水平部分。随后，它进入中颅窝并终止于中脑膜动脉。镫骨动脉有两个主要分支：背侧（眶上）分支和腹侧（上下颌）分支。眶上段与眼动脉吻合，并入脑膜中动脉前支。上颌下颌骨分支与颈外动脉上颌内支吻合，供应下面部、下牙槽区和眶下区。正常情况下，镫骨动脉干萎缩，与颈外动脉的吻合接管了两支动脉的血液供应。如果过渡失败，脑膜中动脉将由眼动脉或持久的镫骨动脉供应。据报道，持续性镫骨动脉的发生率为1 / 500 ~ 1000耳(2)。Moreano等人在1994年的颞骨研究中报道了1025例病例中的5例（0.48%）(3)。在手术观察中，报道的持续性镫骨动脉的发生率要低得多：从0.02%(4)到0.05%(5)。
Stapedial artery is a primitive vessel structure that normally atrophies during the third month of human fetal life. Persistence of the stapedial artery was first reported by Hyrtl in 1836 (1). The stapedial artery arises from the internal carotid artery, enters the middle ear in the anteroinferior quadrant, passes over the promontory, proceeds through the obturator foramen of the stapes, and turns anteriorly into the horizontal portion of the facial canal through a bony dehiscence. Subsequently, it enters the middle cranial fossa and terminates into the middle meningeal artery. The stapedial artery has two major divisions: the dorsal (supraorbital) and ventral (maxillomandibular) divisions. The supraorbital division undergoes anastomosis with the ophthalmic artery and is incorporated into the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery. The maxillomandibular division undergoes anastomosis with internal maxillary branch of the external carotid artery, supplying the lower face, inferior alveolar, and infraorbital regions. Normally, the stem of the stapedial artery atrophies, and the anastomosis with the external carotid artery takes over the blood supply of both divisions. If the transition fails, the middle meningeal artery will be supplied by the ophthalmic artery or a persistent stapedial artery. The reported incidence of persistent stapedial artery is 1 in 500 to 1000 ears (2). Moreano et al. reported 5 of 1025 (0.48%) cases in a temporal bone study in 1994 (3). The reported incidence of persistent stapedial artery during surgical observations was much less: from 0.02%(4) to 0.05%(5).