Acute Alcohol Effects on Attentional Bias in Heavy and Moderate Drinkers
Acute Alcohol Effects on Attentional Bias in Heavy and Moderate Drinkers
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DOI：
10.1037/a0028991
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Fillmore, Mark T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weafer, Jessica;Fillmore, Mark T.
与适度饮酒者相比，重度饮酒者对酒精相关刺激的注意偏向增加，这种偏向被认为促进了酒精消费的动机（Field &考克斯，2008）。研究已经开始研究急性酒精对注意力偏差的影响;然而，关于这些影响如何根据饮酒者类型而有所不同，人们知之甚少。此外，对酒精的注意力偏差与过度饮酒的相关程度仍然没有得到研究。在目前的研究中，20名重度饮酒者和20名中度饮酒者完成了视觉探测任务，以响应安慰剂和两种活性剂量的酒精（0.45 g/kg和0.65 g/kg）。参与者的眼球运动被监测，注意力偏差被计算为与中性图像相比，专注于酒精的时间差异。通过时间轴跟踪日历和实验室随意饮酒任务评估参与者的酒精摄入量。结果表明，重度饮酒者比中度饮酒者在服用安慰剂后表现出更大的注意力偏差。然而，重度饮酒者在饮酒后的注意力偏差表现出剂量依赖性下降，而药物对中度饮酒者没有影响。安慰剂下注意力偏差的个体差异与自我报告和实验室饮酒量密切相关，但饮酒后的偏差并不能预测任何一种饮酒量。这些发现表明，在饮酒事件开始之前，注意力偏差最强。因此，注意力偏差可能是最有影响力的开始饮酒方面，并在促进持续消费的饮酒事件的一个因素。
Heavy drinkers show an increased attentional bias to alcohol-related stimuli compared to moderate drinkers, and this bias is thought to promote motivation for alcohol consumption (Field & Cox, 2008). Studies have begun to examine acute alcohol effects on attentional bias; however, little is known regarding how these effects might differ based on drinker type. Further, the degree to which attentional bias in response to alcohol is associated with excessive alcohol consumption remains unexplored. For the current study, 20 heavy drinkers and 20 moderate drinkers completed a visual probe task in response to placebo and two active doses of alcohol (0.45g/kg and 0.65g/kg). Participants' eye-movements were monitored and attentional bias was calculated as the difference in time spent focused on alcohol compared to neutral images. Participants' alcohol consumption was assessed by a timeline follow-back calendar and a laboratory ad lib consumption task. Results showed that heavy drinkers displayed significantly greater attentional bias than did moderate drinkers following placebo. However, heavy drinkers displayed a dose-dependent decrease in attentional bias following alcohol, whereas the drug had no effect in moderate drinkers. Individual differences in attentional bias under placebo were strongly associated with both self-reported and laboratory alcohol consumption, yet bias following alcohol administration did not predict either measure of consumption. These findings suggest that attentional bias is strongest before a drinking episode begins. As such, an attentional bias might be most influential in terms of initiation of alcohol consumption, and less of a factor in promoting continued consumption within the drinking episode.