General gene movement off the X chromosome in the Drosophila genus
General gene movement off the X chromosome in the Drosophila genus
复制标题
DOI：
10.1101/gr.088609.108
复制
发表时间：
2009-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Long, Manyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vibranovski, Maria D.;Zhang, Yong;Long, Manyuan
在黑腹果蝇中，有过量的基因通过从X染色体逆转录到常染色体复制。大多数起源于X染色体的逆转录基因具有睾丸表达模式。这些观察结果可以解释为自然选择倾向于避免精子发生X失活的基因，或者性拮抗作用倾向于将雄性有益突变固定在常染色体上。如果自然选择在男性相关基因的分布中发挥了重要作用，那么x染色体外的基因运动不应局限于逆转录。在这里，我们通过分析先前在12个果蝇基因组序列中鉴定的重新定位基因，研究了基于dna的染色体间基因运动模式。我们发现X染色体上有大量的基因移动。此外，我们能够将先前的逆转录运动分析扩展到除涉及黑腹龙的物种和分支之外的物种和分支，证实了基因运动在X染色体外的普遍性。同样，对于X染色体对常染色体(X！A)运动，我们观察到重新定位基因的高睾丸表达而不是亲本基因的低睾丸表达，证实了雄性生殖系参与基因运动过程。这些基于dna和基于rna的基因重定位的分析表明，睾丸表达基因的x外运动是果蝇属的普遍模式。
In Drosophila melanogaster, there is an excess of genes duplicated by retroposition from the X chromosome to the autosomes. Most of those retrogenes that originated on the X chromosome have testis expression pattern. These observations could be explained by natural selection favoring genes that avoided spermatogenesis X inactivation or by sexual antagonistic effects favoring the fixation of male beneficial mutations on the autosomes. If natural selection played the essential role in distributing male-related genes, then the out-of-the-X chromosomal gene movement should not be limited to retrogenes. Here, we studied DNA-based interchromosome gene movement patterns by analyzing relocated genes that were previously identified in 12 Drosophila genome sequences. We found a significant excess of gene movement out of the X chromosome. In addition, we were able to extend previous retrogene movement analysis to species and branches other than those involving D. melanogaster, confirming the pervasiveness of gene movement out of the X chromosome. Also, for X chromosome-to-autosome ( X! A) movement, we observed high testis expression of relocated genes as opposed to the low testis expression of parental genes, corroborating the involvement of the male germ line on the gene movement process. These analyses of both DNA-based and RNA-based gene relocations reveal that the out-of-the-X movement of testis-expressed genes is a general pattern in the Drosophila genus.