Adult development and quality of life of transgender and gender nonconforming people.
Adult development and quality of life of transgender and gender nonconforming people.
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DOI：
10.1097/med.0000000000000232
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ettner R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bockting W;Coleman E;Deutsch MB;Guillamon A;Meyer I;Meyer W 3rd;Reisner S;Sevelius J;Ettner R
关于变性人和性别不一致者健康的研究一直有限，大多数工作侧重于与过渡相关的护理和艾滋病毒。这篇综述总结了迄今为止关于变性人和性别不一致成年人的整体发展和生活质量的研究，并对未来的研究提出了建议。与性别不一致相关的普遍耻辱和歧视影响着跨性别者的一生健康，特别是在心理健康和福祉方面。尽管存在相关挑战，但变性人和性别不一致的人可能会随着时间的推移培养适应能力。社会支持和对性别认同的肯定在这方面起着至关重要的作用。虽然这一群体日益意识到性别认同和表达的多样性，但缺乏对超越性别二元和超越过渡的生物心理社会发展的全面了解。变性人在社会中的更大能见度表明，需要广泛了解和促进他们的健康和生活质量，包括但不限于性别焦虑症和艾滋病毒。这意味着在他们的家庭和社区、性健康和生殖健康以及成功老龄化的背景下满足他们的需求。需要进行研究，以便更好地了解哪些因素与复原力有关，以及如何有效地促进复原力。
Research on the health of transgender and gender nonconforming people has been limited with most of the work focusing on transition-related care and HIV. This review summarizes research to date on the overall development and quality of life of transgender and gender nonconforming adults, and makes recommendations for future research. Pervasive stigma and discrimination attached to gender nonconformity affect the health of transgender people across the lifespan, particularly when it comes to mental health and wellbeing. Despite the related challenges, transgender and gender nonconforming people may develop resilience over time. Social support and affirmation of gender identity play herein a critical role. While there is a growing awareness of diversity in gender identity and expression among this population, a comprehensive understanding of biopsychosocial development beyond the gender binary and beyond transition is lacking. Greater visibility of transgender people in society has revealed the need to understand and promote their health and quality of life broadly, including but not limited to gender dysphoria and HIV. This means addressing their needs in context of their families and communities, sexual and reproductive health, and successful aging. Research is needed to better understand what factors are associated with resilience and how it can be effectively promoted.