Phthalate exposure and asthma in children
Phthalate exposure and asthma in children
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01023.x
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nanberg, E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bornehag, C. G.;Nanberg, E.
在过去的几十年里，有10万多种新的化学物质被引入到环境中。许多这些新的化学品和许多常见的消费品，包括这些已被证明是有毒的动物研究和越来越多的证据表明，他们也影响人类健康。在可疑化学品中，内分泌干扰化学品（EDCs）尤其令人关注。邻苯二甲酸酯就是其中之一，用于软聚氯乙烯（PVC）材料和大量消费品中。在这些现代化学品流行增加的同一时期，几种慢性疾病，包括儿童哮喘和过敏症也显著增加。在这篇文章中，我们概述了邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的哮喘和气道疾病的儿童通过检查流行病学和实验同行评议数据的潜在解释机制的科学知识。流行病学数据表明邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与儿童哮喘和气道疾病之间可能存在相关性。实验研究支持几种邻苯二甲酸酯对过敏致敏基本机制的辅助作用。尽管个体研究中的实验设计和报告结果存在差异，但大多数已发表的报告已确定佐剂对小鼠中Th2分化、Th2细胞因子产生和Th2促进的免疫球蛋白（主要是IgG 1，但也有IgE）水平提高的影响。有限的数据也表明邻苯二甲酸酯诱导的肥大细胞脱粒和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的增强，这是早期炎症阶段的重要部分。因此，过敏性哮喘病理学中的一些早期关键机制可能是邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的目标。但是，真实的生活暴露的临床相关性和可以解释相互作用的分子靶点的鉴定等重要问题仍有待回答。
P>During the last decades more than 100 000 new chemicals have been introduced to the environment. Many of these new chemicals and many common consumer products that include these have been shown to be toxic in animal studies and an increasing body of evidence suggests that they are also impacting human health. Among the suspect chemicals, the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of particular concern. One such chemical group is the phthalates, used in soft poly vinyl chloride (PVC) material and in a huge number of consumer products. During the same period of time that the prevalence of these modern chemicals has increased, there has been a remarkable increase in several chronic illnesses, including asthma and allergy in children. In this article we outline the scientific knowledge on phthalate exposure for asthma and airway diseases in children by examining epidemiological and experimental peer review data for potential explanatory mechanisms. Epidemiological data point to a possible correlation between phthalate exposure and asthma and airway diseases in children. Experimental studies present support for an adjuvant effect on basic mechanisms in allergic sensitization by several phthalates. Despite variations in the experimental design and reported result in the individual studies, a majority of published reports have identified adjuvant effects on Th2 differentiation, production of Th2 cytokines and enhanced levels of Th2 promoted immunoglobulins (mainly IgG1 but also IgE) in mice. A limited amount of data do also suggest phthalate-induced enhancement of mast cell degranulation and eosinophilic infiltration which are important parts in the early inflammation phase. Thus, some of the early key mechanisms in the pathology of allergic asthma could possibly be targeted by phthalate exposure. But the important questions of clinical relevance of real life exposure and identification of molecular targets that can explain interactions largely remain to be answered.