Playing games : the two Koreas and the Beijing Olympics
Playing games : the two Koreas and the Beijing Olympics
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玩游戏：朝韩两国和北京奥运会
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
B. Bridges
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作者：
B. Bridges
对于像朝鲜和韩国这样的分裂国家来说，奥运会一直是一个特别强大的政治姿态竞技场。这篇文章探讨了朝鲜和韩国在奥林匹克运动中努力超越对方的艰难历史，一个联合的韩国队参加北京奥运会的前景正在实现，以及中国在奥运会筹备阶段的潜在作用，这对中国来说意义重大。将于2008年8月在北京举行的奥运会已经无处不在。随着世界各国为北京奥运会做好准备和挑选运动员的工作，人们关注的一个焦点将是中国的邻国朝鲜半岛和韩国的代表。在国际奥委会（IOC）的支持和鼓励下，朝韩两国的国家奥委会（NOC）首次提出了在奥运会上派出联合代表队的可能性。然而，尽管进行了几轮双边讨论和国际奥委会的参与，但尚未就这一联合小组达成最终协议，时间已经不多了。本文探讨了在大韩民国（以下简称韩国）和朝鲜民主主义人民共和国（以下简称朝鲜）之间60年的体育和政治竞争、合作和相互指责的背景下，建立一个联合团队的前景。尽管有“体育与政治无关”的理想，但毫无疑问，这两者在分裂的国家中密切相关，因为它们的基本原理是与其他“部分”进行激烈的合法性竞争。在这种情况下，奥运会不可避免地成为政治活动的竞技场。两个朝鲜和奥运会自1948年正式成立以来，朝鲜和韩国一直处于竞争性斗争中，这种斗争不仅表现在朝鲜战争的军事冲突中，而且还表现在外交、经济和文化手段中。两国政府最初都采取了“一个朝鲜”的政策，这在冷战环境中意味着韩国得到了美国和西欧的承认和支持，而朝鲜同样得到了苏联，中国和东欧的认可。两个国家都没有被联合国接纳，但都努力争取新兴的“第三世界”国家的支持和承认。体育也不例外，这场斗争的优势，声望和合法性。西方体育运动于十九世纪末引入韩国，被一些韩国现代化人士视为促进韩国现代化的有用手段
For divided nations such as the two Koreas, which by their very rationales are involved in a highly-charged competition for legitimacy with their other ‘part-nation’, the Olympics have been a particularly potent arena for political posturing. This article examines the troubled history of the two Koreas’ endeavours to out-do each other in the Olympic movement, the prospects of a joint Korean team for the Beijing Olympics being realised, and the potential Chinese role in the run-up to those Olympics, which mean so much to China. The Olympic Games, to be held in Beijing in August 2008, are already omnipresent. As nations from around the world finish preparing and selecting athletes for Beijing, one focus of attention will be the representation from China’s neighbours, the two Koreas. With the support and encouragement of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the two Koreas’ National Olympic Committees (NOCs) have raised the possibility of fielding a joint team for the first time ever at an Olympics Games. However, despite several rounds of discussions both bilaterally and with IOC involvement, there has been no definitive agreement on this joint team and time has all but run out. This article examines the prospects for the creation of a joint team against the background of six decades of sporting and political competition, cooperation, and recrimination between the Republic of Korea (hereafter South Korea) and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (hereafter North Korea). Despite the ideal that ‘sport has nothing to do with politics’, there is little doubt that the two are closely linked for divided nations, which by their very rationale are involved in a highly-charged competition for legitimacy with their other ‘partnation’. Under these circumstances, the Olympics inevitably become an arena for political manoeuvre. Two Koreas and the Olympics Since their formal foundation in 1948 the North and South Korean states had been involved in a competitive struggle, which had found expression not just through the military clashes of the Korean War but also through diplomatic, economic and cultural means. Both governments initially adopted a ‘one Korea’ policy, which in the Cold War environment meant that the South was recognised and supported by the United States and the West Europeans, while the North was similarly endorsed by the Soviet Union, China and the East Europeans. Neither Korea was admitted to the United Nations, but both worked hard to achieve support and recognition amongst the emerging ‘Third World’ countries. Sport was no exception to this struggle for advantage, prestige and legitimacy. Western sports, introduced into Korea in the late nineteenth century, were seen by some Korean modernizers as a useful means to promote