Decomposing rice yield gaps into efficiency, resource and technology yield gaps in sub-Saharan Africa
Decomposing rice yield gaps into efficiency, resource and technology yield gaps in sub-Saharan Africa
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107963
复制
发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Saito, Kazuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dossou-Yovo, Elliott Ronald;Vandamme, Elke;Saito, Kazuki
要满足撒哈拉以南非洲地区目前的大米需求，就需要缩小目前可用农业用地的产量差距。本研究的目的是将水稻产量差距分解为效率、资源和技术产量差距，并确定SSA主要水稻生产系统（灌溉低地、雨养低地和雨养高地）的优先研究和开发领域。在2012-2015年雨季，使用标准化协议收集了20个国家34个地点1529个农田的土壤特性、田间作业和产量数据。利用生物物理环境和肥料管理实践数据以及作物模拟模型（ORYZA2000）进行随机前沿分析，量化了产量差距以及效率、资源和技术产量差距。采用聚类分析将场地-生产系统组合划分为产量缺口组。灌溉低地、雨养低地和旱地的实际水稻产量平均分别为3.8吨/公顷、2.6吨/公顷和1.7吨/公顷。在基地生产系统组合中，产量差距为2.0 ~ 10.0 t/ha，而效率、资源和技术产量差距分别为0.9 ~ 5.7、0.1 ~ 2.3和0 ~ 7.5 t/ha。平均而言，效率、资源和技术产量差距分别占基准产量（灌溉低地的潜在产量或雨养低地和高地的限水潜在产量）的23%、5%和37%。确定了四个产量缺口组，它们与生产系统、土壤性质和肥料施用有关。缩小产量差距需要在效率产量差距较大的产量差距群体中推广作物综合管理实践，而在技术产量差距较大的产量差距群体中，应优先开发改善土壤性质和肥料利用的技术。
Meeting current rice demand in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) requires narrowing yield gaps on currently available agricultural land. The objectives of this study were to decompose rice yield gaps into efficiency, resource and technology yield gaps and to identify priority areas for research and development in the major rice production systems (irrigated lowland, rainfed lowland, and rainfed upland) in SSA. Data were collected during the 2012-2015 wet seasons on soil properties, field operations and yields in 1529 fields at 34 sites in 20 countries using a standardized protocol. Stochastic frontier analysis using data on biophysical environment and fertilizer management practices together with a crop simulation model (ORYZA2000) was used to quantify the yield gap, and efficiency, resource, and technology yield gaps. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the site-production system combinations into yield gap groups. Actual rice yields were on average 3.8, 2.6 and 1.7 t/ha in irrigated lowland, rainfed lowland, and rainfed upland, respectively. The yield yap ranged from 2.0-10.0 t/ha across site-production system combinations while the efficiency, resource, and technology yield gaps varied between 0.9 to 5.7, 0.1 to 2.3 and 0 to 7.5 t/ha, respectively. On average, efficiency, resource, and technology yield gaps accounted for 23, 5 and 37 % of the benchmark yield (potential yield in irrigated lowland or water-limited potential yield in rainfed lowland and upland). Four yield gaps groups were identified and were related to the production systems, soil properties, and fertilizer application. Narrowing yield gaps requires the dissemination of integrated crop management practices in yield gaps groups with a large efficiency yield gap, whereas, in yield gaps groups with a large technology yield gap, the development of technologies to improve soil properties and fertilizer use should be given priority.