Human Rights and States of Emergency: Humanitarians and Governmentality
Human Rights and States of Emergency: Humanitarians and Governmentality
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人权与紧急状态：人道主义与治理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
J. P. Narkunas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. P. Narkunas
摘要本文分析了人道主义非政府组织如何填补政府外包其管理职能所造成的主权真空，这种外包标志着威斯特伐利亚国家秩序的转变。非国家行为者的扩散促进了人权的政治化，围绕着如何识别谁或什么是被赋予自然权利的人，以及谁是恐怖分子或不法分子。通过追踪人权和政府之间的联系，我认为，人权倡导者必须承认，他们与强大的军队的亲密关系导致了人道主义干预，使用权利的语言来证明新殖民主义项目，往往加剧人类的痛苦。人道主义可以作为一种去权力化的治理形式，提供一种戏剧性的保护和安全幻觉，同时从结构上破坏它们的可能性。事实上，我展示了强大的国家不仅使用人权和人道主义合法化为他们的特殊地缘政治和经济目的，但也直接人道主义非政府组织战略代理自己的利益。
Abstract This essay diagnoses how humanitarian non-governmental organisations are filling a sovereign vacuum created ironically by governments outsourcing their governing functions; this outsourcing marks a transformation of the Westphalian order of states. The proliferation of non-state actors facilitates the politicisation of human rights around how to recognise who or what is a human being endowed with natural rights, and who is a terrorist or outlaw. By tracing the connections between human rights and governmentality, I contend that human rights advocates must acknowledge that their cosy relationship with powerful militaries has resulted in humanitarian interventions using the language of rights to justify neocolonial projects that often intensify human suffering. Humanitarianism may function as a deterritorialised form of governmentality that offers a theatrical illusion of protection and security, while undermining their possibilities structurally. Indeed, I demonstrate how powerful states not only use human rights and humanitarian legitimations for their particularist geopolitical and economic ends, but also direct humanitarian NGOs strategically by proxy for their own interests.