Impacts of the Marine Hatchery Built Environment, Water and Feed on Mucosal Microbiome Colonization Across Ontogeny in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi
Impacts of the Marine Hatchery Built Environment, Water and Feed on Mucosal Microbiome Colonization Across Ontogeny in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.676731
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
J. Minich;B. Nowak;A. Elizur;R. Knight;S. Fielder;E. Allen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Minich;B. Nowak;A. Elizur;R. Knight;S. Fielder;E. Allen
鱼肠道微生物组受到许多生物和环境因素的影响，包括鱼饲料配方。与哺乳动物不同，垂直微生物组传播在鱼类中基本上不存在，因此对肠道微生物组在孵化场饲养期间最初如何定殖以及整个生长阶段的稳定性知之甚少。在这里，我们调查了各种微生物丰富的表面从建成的环境“BE”和饲料的影响粘膜微生物组（鳃，皮肤和鳃）的发展，一个经济上重要的海洋鱼类，黄尾石首鱼，Seriola lalandi，随着时间的推移。在第一个实验中，我们从三种水槽条件下饲养的36条鱼中采集了鳃和皮肤微生物组，并证明鳃比皮肤更受周围环境的影响。在第二个实验中，鱼粘液（鳃，皮肤，和鳃），BE（水箱侧，水，进水管，气石，和空气扩散器）和饲料进行了采样，从室内饲养的鱼在三个年龄（43，137，和430 dph; n = 12每个年龄）。在430 dph下，从室外海洋网围栏中对另外20条鱼进行取样。共处理304份样本进行16 S rRNA基因测序。鳃和皮肤α多样性增加，而肠道多样性随着年龄的增长而下降。海洋网围栏中的鱼类多样性远低于室内鱼类。鳃和皮肤在发育早期受到BE的影响最大，通气设备在后期具有更大的影响，而肠道“外来”微生物组随着时间的推移与环境的差异越来越大。饲料对驱动微生物群落的影响相对较低。我们的研究结果表明，S。拉兰迪粘膜微生物组受到BE的不同影响，在鳃和皮肤中发生高周转和快速演替，而肠道微生物组更稳定。我们展示了孵化系统的各个组件，特别是通风设备，如何直接促进海洋鱼类的微生物组发育。此外，研究结果表明，早期生活（幼虫）暴露于饲养环境中的生物污损可能会影响鱼类微生物组的发育，这对动物健康和水产养殖生产很重要。
The fish gut microbiome is impacted by a number of biological and environmental factors including fish feed formulations. Unlike mammals, vertical microbiome transmission is largely absent in fish and thus little is known about how the gut microbiome is initially colonized during hatchery rearing nor the stability throughout growout stages. Here we investigate how various microbial-rich surfaces from the built environment “BE” and feed influence the development of the mucosal microbiome (gill, skin, and digesta) of an economically important marine fish, yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, over time. For the first experiment, we sampled gill and skin microbiomes from 36 fish reared in three tank conditions, and demonstrate that the gill is more influenced by the surrounding environment than the skin. In a second experiment, fish mucous (gill, skin, and digesta), the BE (tank side, water, inlet pipe, airstones, and air diffusers) and feed were sampled from indoor reared fish at three ages (43, 137, and 430 dph; n = 12 per age). At 430 dph, 20 additional fish were sampled from an outdoor ocean net pen. A total of 304 samples were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gill and skin alpha diversity increased while gut diversity decreased with age. Diversity was much lower in fish from the ocean net pen compared to indoor fish. The gill and skin are most influenced by the BE early in development, with aeration equipment having more impact in later ages, while the gut “allochthonous” microbiome becomes increasingly differentiated from the environment over time. Feed had a relatively low impact on driving microbial communities. Our findings suggest that S. lalandi mucosal microbiomes are differentially influenced by the BE with a high turnover and rapid succession occurring in the gill and skin while the gut microbiome is more stable. We demonstrate how individual components of a hatchery system, especially aeration equipment, may contribute directly to microbiome development in a marine fish. In addition, results demonstrate how early life (larval) exposure to biofouling in the rearing environment may influence fish microbiome development which is important for animal health and aquaculture production.