Bears "Count" Too: Quantity Estimation and Comparison in Black Bears (Ursus Americanus).
Bears "Count" Too: Quantity Estimation and Comparison in Black Bears (Ursus Americanus).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.05.001
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Beran MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vonk J;Beran MJ
熊认知的研究在比较记录中明显缺失，尽管熊的大脑相对较大，作为面临复杂觅食挑战的多面手食肉动物的有趣地位，但缺乏复杂的社会结构。本研究通过在触摸屏计算机上呈现辨别任务，考察了三只美国黑熊（Ursus Americanus）的数字能力。一只熊选择了两组点刺激中较大的一组，而两只熊选择了较小的一组点。在一些试验中，点的相对数量与两个阵列的相对总面积一致。在其他试验中，点的数量与面积不一致。所有的熊在这两种静态点的试验中都高于机会。尽管遇到了更大的困难，在数组中移动的点，一只熊能够区分数字较大的移动点阵列，以及从较大阵列中移动的点的子集，即使面积和数量不一致。因此，虽然熊使用面积作为线索来指导反应，但它们也能够使用数字作为线索。这种行为模式与之前在猴子身上发现的相似，这表明熊也可能表现出其他形式的复杂数量能力。
Studies of bear cognition are notably missing from the comparative record despite bears’ large relative brain size and interesting status as generalist carnivores facing complex foraging challenges, but lacking complex social structures. We investigated the numerical abilities of three American black bears (Ursus Americanus) by presenting discrimination tasks on a touch-screen computer. One bear chose the larger of two arrays of dot stimuli, while two bears chose the smaller array of dots. On some trials the relative number of dots was congruent with the relative total area of the two arrays. On other trials number of dots was incongruent with area. All of the bears were above chance on trials of both types with static dots. Despite encountering greater difficulty with dots that moved within the arrays, one bear was able to discriminate numerically larger arrays of moving dots, and a subset of moving dots from within the larger array, even when area and number were incongruent. Thus, although the bears used area as a cue to guide responding, they were also able to use number as a cue. The pattern of performance was similar to that found previously with monkeys, and suggests that bears may also show other forms of sophisticated quantitative abilities.
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.34.1.63
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Beran, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Beran, Michael J.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Hvorecny, Lauren M.;Grudowski, Jessica L.;Boal, Jean Geary
通讯作者：
Boal, Jean Geary
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Anderson, US;Stoinski, TS;Maple, TL
通讯作者：
Maple, TL
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
GITTLEMAN, JL
通讯作者：
GITTLEMAN, JL
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hare, B;Brown, M;Tomasello, M
通讯作者：
Tomasello, M