Eukaryotic plankton diversity in the sunlit ocean
Eukaryotic plankton diversity in the sunlit ocean
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1261605
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发表时间：
2015-05-22
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Karsenti, Eric
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Vargas, Colomban;Audic, Stephane;Karsenti, Eric
海洋浮游生物支持全球生物和地球化学过程。迄今为止，对其生物多样性的调查受到地理上的限制，也没有考虑到浮游生物大小的全部范围。我们评估了在塔拉海洋环球考察期间从热带和温带海洋收集的334个大小分级的光区浮游生物群落的真核生物多样性。我们分析了18S核糖体DNA序列，从最小的单细胞真核生物（原生生物，大约0.8微米）到几毫米的小动物。真核生物的核糖体多样性饱和在15万个可操作的分类单位，其中约三分之一不能分配给已知的真核生物群。多样性出现在所有的分类学水平上，无论是在包含11200个已编目的真核浮游生物形态种的类群中，还是在浮游生物生态学研究中未被重视的两倍多的其他深分支谱系中。大多数真核浮游生物的生物多样性属于异养原生生物类群，特别是那些已知的寄生虫或共生宿主。
Marine plankton support global biological and geochemical processes. Surveys of their biodiversity have hitherto been geographically restricted and have not accounted for the full range of plankton size. We assessed eukaryotic diversity from 334 size-fractionated photic-zone plankton communities collected across tropical and temperate oceans during the circumglobal Tara Oceans expedition. We analyzed 18S ribosomal DNA sequences across the intermediate plankton-size spectrum from the smallest unicellular eukaryotes (protists, > 0.8 micrometers) to small animals of a few millimeters. Eukaryotic ribosomal diversity saturated at similar to 150,000 operational taxonomic units, about one-third of which could not be assigned to known eukaryotic groups. Diversity emerged at all taxonomic levels, both within the groups comprising the similar to 11,200 cataloged morphospecies of eukaryotic plankton and among twice as many other deep-branching lineages of unappreciated importance in plankton ecology studies. Most eukaryotic plankton biodiversity belonged to heterotrophic protistan groups, particularly those known to be parasites or symbiotic hosts.