Effects of inequality of supply hours on consumers' coping strategies and perceptions of intermittent water supply in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Effects of inequality of supply hours on consumers' coping strategies and perceptions of intermittent water supply in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.182
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Oguma, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guragai, B.;Takizawa, S.;Oguma, K.
为了解尼泊尔加德满都河谷(KV)供水时间不平等对消费者应对策略和间歇性供水(IWS)认知的影响，我们进行了一项随机家庭调查(n=369)和现场水质测试。一半的家庭每周获得自来水的时间不超过6个小时。为了增加或应对供应不足，28%的家庭使用高污染和昂贵的油罐车输送的水。有一半的自来水样本(n=13)被大肠杆菌污染。所有自来水样品中游离氯浓度均低于国家标准(0.1~0.2 mg/L)，但结合氯平均检出为0.2 4 mg/L，表明管网中污染物进入。使用点设备可以将KV的安全用水比例从42%提高到80%。洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数的使用揭示了IN服务区之间和服务区内每周管道供水小时数的不平等，这主要是由于一小部分家庭获得了较长的供水时间。为了应对供水时间的减少，房主支付更多的钱来从其他来源获得水，而租户则在他们的用水量上做出了妥协。在IWS下，对自来水水质和供水规律性改善的期望高于对供水量的期望。用户对自来水服务的看法随着供水时间的减少而恶化，但对自来水价格的看法与供水时间无关。(C)2017爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
To investigate the effects of unequal supply hours on consumers' coping strategies and perceptions of the intermittent water supply (IWS) in the Kathmandu Valley (KV), Nepal we conducted a randomized household survey (n = 369) and on-site water quality tests. Half of the households received piped water for 6 or fewer hours per week. To augment or cope with the inadequate supply, 28% of the households used highly contaminated and expensive tanker-delivered water. Half of the piped water samples (n = 13) were contaminated with Escherichia coli. Free chlorine concentration in all piped water samples was below the national standards (0.1-0.2 mg/L), but combined chlorine was detected at an average of 0.24 mg/L, indicating ingression of contaminants in the network. Point-of-use devices could increase access to safe water in the KV from 42% to 80%. The use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients revealed inequality of piped water supply hours per week both between and within service areas in the IN, due mainly to a small percentage of households who receive longer supply hours. To cope with reduced supply hours, home owners pay more to get water from alternative sources, while tenants compromise their water consumption. Under IWS, expectations for improvements in piped water quality and supply regularity are higher than those for supply volume. Consumers' perceptions of the piped water services worsen with the reduction in supply hours, but perceptions of piped water tariff are independent of supply hours. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.