THE ROLE OF BETA-GLUCAN RECEPTORS ON BLOOD AND TISSUE LEUKOCYTES IN PHAGOCYTOSIS AND METABOLIC-ACTIVATION
THE ROLE OF BETA-GLUCAN RECEPTORS ON BLOOD AND TISSUE LEUKOCYTES IN PHAGOCYTOSIS AND METABOLIC-ACTIVATION
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DOI：
10.1159/000157022
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发表时间：
1986-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
CZOP, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CZOP, JK
旁路补体途径的未调理颗粒活化剂的吞噬受体[1]是存在于外周血白细胞和血管外组织巨噬细胞上的非免疫细胞宿主防御机制。经典的颗粒活化剂酵母聚糖是酿酒酵母的酵母细胞壁产物，几乎完全由两种类型的聚糖组成（碳水化合物聚合物）、α-D-葡聚糖和α-D-甘露聚糖[3，4]，而酵母葡聚糖颗粒仅由α-D-葡聚糖成分组成[4，5]，各种非酵母衍生的β-D-葡聚糖在化学和结构上与酵母聚糖和葡聚糖颗粒中存在的那些相似，激活补体旁路途径的蛋白质[6]并选择性抑制颗粒活化剂的吞噬作用[7]。因此，在缺乏适应性免疫的情况下，颗粒活化剂的存在可以快速启动宿主防御系统的组装和扩增，所述宿主防御系统涉及与β-葡聚糖的体液和细胞相互作用。对实验室动物的研究表明，酵母聚糖的β-葡聚糖成分可引发非免疫宿主的免疫反应[8]，用纯化葡聚糖颗粒预处理的动物随后对细菌[9，10]、病毒[10]、真菌[11]和原生动物[12]的攻击更具抵抗力，更快地排斥抗原不相容的移植物[13，14]，并产生针对特定抗原的更高滴度的血清抗体[10，15-17]。鉴于这些试验材料的无关性，葡聚糖颗粒通过其中大分子发挥主要作用的机制，增强宿主区分外来物和自身物的能力。向啮齿动物施用葡聚糖颗粒会刺激肝脏、脾脏和肺中网状内皮细胞成分的锡永[18]、巨噬细胞的增殖[19，20]以及巨噬细胞吞噬[8，21]和分泌[19，21]活动的增加。这些生物反应发生迅速，可能会
The phagocytic receptor for unopsonized particulate activators of the alternative com plement pathway [1] is a nonimmune cellu lar host defense mechanism present on pe ripheral blood leukocytes and extravascular tissue macrophages. The classical particulate activator, zymosan, is a yeast cell wall prod uct of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [2] com posed almost exclusively of two types of glycans (carbohydrate polymers), ß-D-glucans and aD-mannans [3, 4], whereas yeast glucan particles are composed solely of the ß-D-glucan constituents [4, 5], A variety of non-yeast-derived ß-D-glucans which are chemically and structurally similar to those present in zymosan and glucan particles acti vate proteins of the alternative complement pathway [6] and selectively inhibit phagocy tosis of particulate activators [7]. Thus, in the absence of adaptive immunity, the pres ence of a particulate activator can rapidly initiate assembly and amplification of a host defense system involving humoral and cellu lar interactions with p-glucans. Studies with laboratory animals reveal that the P-glucan constituent of zymosan ini tiates immunologic reactivity in the nonimmune host [8], Animals pretreated with purified glucan particles are subsequently more resistant to bacterial [9, 10], viral [10], fungal [11], and protozoan [12] challenge, reject antigenically incompatible grafts more rapidly [13, 14], and produce higher titers of serum antibodies to specific antigens [10, 15-17], In light of the unrelatedness of such test materials, glucan particles accentuate the capacity of the host to distinguish foreign from self by mechanisms in which macro phages play a major role. Administration of glucan particles to rodents stimulates expan sion of reticuloendothelial cellular elements in liver, spleen and lung [18], proliferation of macrophages [19, 20] and increases in phagocytic [8, 21] and secretory [19, 21] activities by macrophages. These biological responses occur rapidly and are likely to