DENSITY‐DEPENDENT NATURAL SELECTION IN DROSOPHILA: EVOLUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND BODY SIZE
DENSITY‐DEPENDENT NATURAL SELECTION IN DROSOPHILA: EVOLUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND BODY SIZE
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果蝇密度依赖性自然选择：生长速率和体型的演变
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Mueller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mauro Santos;D. J. Borash;A. Joshi;Nira Bounlutay;L. Mueller
在本实验中，处于极端幼虫拥挤状态的黑腹果蝇种群（CU系）的幼虫取食率高于其相应的对照（UU系）。有人认为，这种基于基因的行为可能涉及能量成本，这阻碍了密度调节种群中同时最大化食物获取和食物转化为生物量的自然选择。如果这是真的，这就违背了密度依赖自然选择的一般理论的一些基本预测。在这里，我们研究了密度依赖性自然选择对黑腹龙生长速度和体型的进化影响。在幼虫生命的后关键期，CU种群的生长速度高于UU种群，但体重的持续差异并未转化为成虫阶段。对这些发现的最简单的解释（在拥挤的幼虫环境中，自然选择倾向于个体在更短的时间内更快地获得食物，以达到相同的最终体型）通过观察幼虫到成虫的发育时间进行了测试和拒绝。不同时期饥饿的CU种群的幼虫发育成相对较小的成虫，这表明在食物枯竭的环境中寻找食物的行为对这些幼虫来说比他们的UU同伴付出了更高的代价。这一结果对理解果蝇自然种群的体型进化具有重要意义，并反驳了一些普遍的观点，即体型可能代表了幼虫和成虫表现中遗传变异相互冲突的影响之间的妥协。
Drosophila melanogaster populations subjected to extreme larval crowding (CU lines) in our laboratory have evolved higher larval feeding rates than their corresponding controls (UU lines). It has been suggested that this genetically based behavior may involve an energetic cost, which precludes natural selection in a density‐regulated population to simultaneously maximize food acquisition and food conversion into biomass. If true, this stands against some basic predictions of the general theory of density‐dependent natural selection. Here we investigate the evolutionary consequences of density‐dependent natural selection on growth rate and body size in D. melanogaster. The CU populations showed a higher growth rate during the postcritical period of larval life than UU populations, but the sustained differences in weight did not translate into the adult stage. The simplest explanation for these findings (that natural selection in a crowded larval environment favors a faster food acquisition for the individual to attain the same final body size in a shorter period of time) was tested and rejected by looking at the larva‐to‐adult development times. Larvae of CU populations starved for different periods of time develop into comparatively smaller adults, suggesting that food seeking behavior in a food depleted environment carries a higher cost to these larvae than to their UU counterparts. The results have important implications for understanding the evolution of body size in natural populations of Drosophila, and stand against some widespread beliefs that body size may represent a compromise between the conflicting effects of genetic variation in larval and adult performance.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
MUELLER, LD;GUO, PZ;AYALA, FJ
通讯作者：
AYALA, FJ
果蝇竞争能力通过密度依赖性自然选择的进化。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.85.12.4383
发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Mueller,LD
通讯作者：
Mueller,LD