Abundance, diversity, and dynamics of viruses on microorganisms in activated sludge processes
Abundance, diversity, and dynamics of viruses on microorganisms in activated sludge processes
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-006-9150-9
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Mino, Takashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Otawa, Kenichi;Lee, Sang Hyon;Mino, Takashi
我们检查了活性污泥中微生物上的病毒丰度及其群落结构的动态。使用落射荧光显微镜和脉冲场凝胶电泳 (PFGE) 直接计数，对来自 14 个处理市政、工业或动物废水的全规模废水处理厂 (wwtps) 的 20 个样品进行了分析。此外，为了观察病毒群落结构随时间的动态变化，实验室规模的测序批量反应器运行了 58 天。通过落射荧光显微镜定量，污水中病毒颗粒的浓度范围为 4.2 x 10(7) 至 3.0 x 10(9) mL(-1)superscript stop。 PFGE 通过在 DNA 提取步骤中引入更高浓度的 Tris-EDTA 缓冲液进行改进，成功用于分析活性污泥中的 DNA 病毒。大多数来自不同污水处理厂的样品通常具有 40-70 kb 范围内的条带。在实验室规模反应器中对病毒DNA大小分布的监测中，在整个实验期间稳定观察到一些条带，一些条带在操作过程中出现，另一些条带消失。观察到两条强带在 6 天内快速出现和消失。我们的数据表明，病毒，尤其是与微生物相关的病毒，在活性污泥中大量存在并表现出动态行为。
We examined the abundance of viruses on microorganisms in activated sludge and the dynamics of their community structure. Direct counting with epifluorescence microscopy and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were applied to 20 samples from 14 full-scale wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) treating municipal, industrial, or animal wastewater. Furthermore, to observe the dynamics of viral community structure over time, a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor was operated for 58 days. The concentrations of virus particles in the wwtps, as quantified by epifluorescence microscopy, ranged from 4.2 x 10(7) to 3.0 x 10(9) mL(-1)supercript stop. PFGE, improved by the introduction of a higher concentration of Tris-EDTA buffer in the DNA extraction step, was successfully used to profile DNA viruses in the activated sludge. Most of the samples from different wwtps commonly had bands in the 40-70 kb range. In the monitoring of viral DNA size distribution in the laboratory-scale reactor, some bands were observed stably throughout the experimental period, some emerged during the operation, and others disappeared. Rapid emergence and disappearance of two intense bands within 6 days was observed. Our data suggest that viruses-especially those associated with microorganisms-are abundant and show dynamic behavior in activated sludge.