The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms on a Local Level: Exploring the Determinants of Cultivation Bans
The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms on a Local Level: Exploring the Determinants of Cultivation Bans
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DOI：
10.3390/su10103392
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Schaub, Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hartung, Ulrich;Schaub, Simon
本研究调查了市政当局在农业用转基因生物（gmo）领域的监管活动。为了探讨这些活动的决定因素，选择了德国的案例，因为在这个国家，市政当局在法律上有可能强制实施当地的转基因生物种植禁令。利用来自131个地方议会决议的数据，定性和定量内容分析相结合表明，在大多数情况下，不是单一因素，而是多种因素导致监管活动。研究表明，防止负面社会经济影响或对环境或人类健康的影响的功能性动机是市政当局作出管制决定的决定性因素。此外，定量分析的结果表明，市政当局在为其决定辩护时，往往既提到社会经济原因，也提到对环境和人类健康的风险。此外，研究结果还表明，地方政策制定者为了促进自己的政治成功，实施了流行的种植禁令。最后，可以观察到城市之间法规的水平扩散，以及来自更高政治层面的垂直扩散。总体而言，本研究在地方一级的转基因生物结果进一步强调了分析农业生态系统和社会经济系统之间相互依赖关系的重要性。
This study investigates municipalities' regulatory activities in the field of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) for agricultural use. To explore the determinants of these activities, the case of Germany was selected as in this country, municipalities have legal possibilities to impose local GMO cultivation bans. Using data from 131 local council resolutions, the combination of qualitative and quantitative content analysis shows that, in most cases, no single factors, but a variety of factors lead to regulatory activity. The study reveals that functional motivations to prevent negative socio-economic effects or impacts on the environment or human health are decisive for municipalities' decisions to regulate. Furthermore, the results of the quantitative analysis unveil that municipalities often refer to both socio-economic reasons and risks for the environment and human health when justifying their decisions. Moreover, the results indicate that local policymakers impose popular cultivation bans to promote their own political success. Finally, the horizontal diffusion of regulations between municipalities, but also vertical diffusion from higher political levels can be observed. Overall, the results of this study on GMOs on a local level further emphasize the importance of analyzing the interdependencies between agroecosystems and socio-economic systems in their full complexity.