Would protecting tropical forest fragments provide carbon and biodiversity cobenefits under REDD plus ?
Would protecting tropical forest fragments provide carbon and biodiversity cobenefits under REDD plus ?
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.12937
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Edwards, David P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Magnago, Luiz Fernando S.;Magrach, Ainhoa;Edwards, David P.
热带森林储存了大量的碳，是最具生物多样性的陆地栖息地，但它们正在以惊人的速度转化和退化。鉴于防止碳排放和生物多样性丧失所需的全球预算短缺，我们需要寻求同时解决这两个问题的解决方案。特别令人感兴趣的是，在减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量（降排+）机制下，以碳为基础的付款也在不增加费用的情况下保护生物多样性。REDD+的一个潜力是保护森林碎片，特别是在连续森林覆盖急剧减少的生物群落内，但我们需要对这种碎片化系统中任何碳和生物多样性共同效益的强度进行经验测试。利用全球受威胁的大西洋森林景观，我们测量了面积为13至23442公顷的森林片段内的地上碳储量，并具有不同程度的隔离。我们这些股票的树木群落结构和丰富的地方性和世界自然保护联盟红名单物种。我们发现，增加碎片的大小与地上碳储量和丰富的IUCN红皮书物种和树木群落结构有积极的关系。我们还发现，与大型森林块的距离和树木群落结构，特有物种丰富度和丰富度，和IUCN红色名录物种丰富度之间的负相关关系。这导致碳储量和红皮书物种之间的正一致性，以及特有物种的丰度和丰富性，显示出重要的共同效益。因此，保护生物多样性热点地区的森林片断，特别是较大的片断和最接近源头的片断，提供了重要的碳和生物多样性共同效益。更一般地说，我们的研究结果表明，REDD+下的共同效益的宏观模型可能忽略了小尺度的关键效益，这表明有必要应用模型，包括在破碎的景观细粒度的评估，而不是使用平均粗粒度的细胞。
Tropical forests store vast amounts of carbon and are the most biodiverse terrestrial habitats, yet they are being converted and degraded at alarming rates. Given global shortfalls in the budgets required to prevent carbon and biodiversity loss, we need to seek solutions that simultaneously address both issues. Of particular interest are carbon-based payments under the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism to also conserve biodiversity at no additional cost. One potential is for REDD+ to protect forest fragments, especially within biomes where contiguous forest cover has diminished dramatically, but we require empirical tests of the strength of any carbon and biodiversity cobenefits in such fragmented systems. Using the globally threatened Atlantic Forest landscape, we measured above- ground carbon stocks within forest fragments spanning 13 to 23 442 ha in area and with different degrees of isolation. We related these stocks to tree community structure and to the richness and abundance of endemic and IUCN Red-listed species. We found that increasing fragment size has a positive relationship with above- ground carbon stock and with abundance of IUCN Red-listed species and tree community structure. We also found negative relationships between distance from large forest block and tree community structure, endemic species richness and abundance, and IUCN Red-listed species abundance. These resulted in positive congruence between carbon stocks and Red-listed species, and the abundance and richness of endemic species, demonstrating vital cobenefits. As such, protecting forest fragments in hotspots of biodiversity, particularly larger fragments and those closest to sources, offers important carbon and biodiversity cobenefits. More generally, our results suggest that macroscale models of cobenefits under REDD+ have likely overlooked key benefits at small scales, indicating the necessity to apply models that include finer-grained assessments in fragmented landscapes rather than using averaged coarse-grained cells.