Popular Responses to the Atomic Bomb in China 1945–1955
Popular Responses to the Atomic Bomb in China 1945–1955
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1945-1955 年中国民众对原子弹的反应
DOI：
10.1093/pastj/gts036
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
H. Harrison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Harrison
1945年8月6日在广岛投下第一颗原子弹，现在被认为是世界历史上的重大事件，但当时它并没有成为中国最畅销和最有影响力的报纸之一的头条新闻。《上海申报》在8月8日发表的一篇摘自东京一家通讯社的短文《B 29飞机编队攻击广岛》中报道了这次袭击。这篇文章报道说，袭击该市的少量飞机造成了很大的破坏，似乎使用了一种新型炸弹，并随后报道了美国空袭其他几个日本城市的消息。[1]生活在上海的作家郑振铎的日记证实，广岛原子弹爆炸最初并不被视为一件大事：他没有提到原子弹或空袭日本，而苏联入侵满洲的消息第二天就传到了他的耳朵里，当地市场因此陷入混乱。[2]几天后，《申报》刊登了杜鲁门总统的讲话，解释说美国已经展示了它的新武器--原子弹，但苏联入侵是头条新闻。在中国西北偏远的共产党根据地，毛泽东宣布，原子弹不能决定战争，因为重要的是人民的斗争。在最初的几天里，原子弹被报道出来，但几乎没有被视为一个重大事件，然而十年后，中华人民共和国政府却把原子能描绘成一个新时代的基础，在这个新时代里，食物可以用水制造，孩子们可以去月球旅行。本文着眼于中国人是如何了解原子弹的，他们是如何反应的，以及这一过程是如何与
The dropping of the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 is now recognized as a momentous event in world history, but at the time it did not make the headlines in one of China’s biggest selling and most influential newspapers. The Shanghai Shenbao covered the attack in a short article taken from a Tokyo news agency entitled ‘Formation of B29 planes attacks Hiroshima’which was published on 8 August. The article reported that the small number of planes that attacked the city had done a great deal of damage and appeared to have used a new kind of bomb, and followed this with news of American air raids on several other Japanese cities. 1 The diary of Zheng Zhenduo, a writer living in Shanghai, confirms that the bombing of Hiroshima was not initially seen as a major event: he makes no references to the atomic bomb or air raids on Japan, whereas news of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria reached him the next day when the local market was thrown into chaos as a result. 2 A few days later the Shenbao printed President Truman’s speech explaining that the US had revealed its new weapon, the atomic bomb, but the Soviet invasion was the headline news. 3 Mao Zedong, in the Communist base in remote north-west China, announced that an atomic bomb cannot decide a war because it is the people’s struggle that matters. 4 In these first few days the atomic bomb was reported but was scarcely seen as a major event, and yet ten years later the government of the People’s Republic of China was depicting atomic energy as the basis for a new age in which food could be manufactured from water and children could travel to the moon. This paper looks at how Chinese people learned about the atomic bomb, how they reacted, and how this process was integrated with the