FUNCTION OF PROTEASE AND PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES IN SUBSIDENCE OF PAHOKEE MUCK1
FUNCTION OF PROTEASE AND PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES IN SUBSIDENCE OF PAHOKEE MUCK1
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蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性在帕霍基淤泥沉降中的作用1
DOI：
10.1097/00010694-198410000-00003
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Tate
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Tate
为了阐明沼泽地农业区Pahokee沼泽土壤中蛋白质和磷酸酶活性在有机质氧化过程中的作用，阐明了组织溶胶下沉的生化机制。我研究了在蒸汽灭菌污泥中微生物群落重建过程中，酶水平的变化与有机质(外源供应和本地供应)的有效性以及酶活性发展的参数的关系。在灭菌土壤中，蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性的发展与内源呼吸、葡萄糖呼吸和多酚氧化酶活性的变化进行了比较。蛋白水解酶和磷酸酶活性都受到可代谢有机物利用率增加的刺激。这是通过用干燥的磨碎的甘蔗(Saccharum spp.(L.)通过提高本地土壤有机物质的有效性(悬浮在水中和与沙子混合)，可以增加树叶的产量。在植物残渣存在的情况下，酶水平的升高可维持到15d，然后观察到活性显著下降。接种新鲜淤泥(1g新鲜/10g无菌淤泥)后，无菌淤泥的蛋白水解酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性、内源呼吸和葡萄糖呼吸立即增加。圣奥古斯丁草(Stenotphrum secundatum(Walt)kuntz)田的无菌淤泥比未耕作(裸地)的无菌淤泥具有更大的活性。葡萄糖对两种无菌淤泥中的磷酸酶活性均有促进作用，但仅对未耕作的无菌淤泥的磷酸酶活性有促进作用。在再定植的无菌污泥中，水解酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶的活性在接种后的几周内保持不变，而呼吸活性在接种后的3d内达到峰值，然后下降。这些数据表明，蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性参与了土壤有机质的氧化和腐殖化。因此，提出了这些酶活性在组织溶胶下沉中的作用。
To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms involved in subsidence of Histosols, I examined the role of protease and phosphatase activities in organic matter oxidation in Pahokee muck of the Everglades Agricultural Area. I studied the variation of enzyme levels in relation to the availability of organic matter (both exogenously supplied and native) and the parameters of development of enzymatic activities during reestablishment of microbial communities in steam-sterilized muck. In sterilized soils, protease and phosphatase activity development was compared with changes in endogenous respiration, glucose respiration, and polyphenol oxidase activity. Both protease and phosphatase activities were stimulated by augmented availability of metabolizable organic matter. This was shown through amendment of muck with dried, ground sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) leaves and through enhanced availability of native soil organic matter (suspension in water and mixing with sand). In the presence of plant debris, the augmented enzyme levels were maintained for up to 15d before a significant decline in activity was observed. Protease, phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, endogenous respiration, and glucose respiration increased immediately upon inoculation of sterile muck with fresh muck (1g fresh/10 g sterile muck). Greater activity was developed in sterile muck from a St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt) Kuntz) field than in sterile muck from an uncropped (bare) field. Phosphatase activity was enhanced in both types of sterile muck by amendment with glucose, whereas protease activity was stimulated by this amendment only in the sterile muck from the uncropped field. Augmented protease, phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were maintained for several weeks in the recolonized sterile muck, while the respiratory activities peaked within 3d of inoculation, then declined. These data suggest that protease and phosphatase activities are involved in oxidation of both readily available and humified soil organic matter. Hence, a role of these enzymic activities in Histosol subsidence is proposed.