LATE PLIOCENE ARTIFACTS FROM NORTHERN PAKISTAN
LATE PLIOCENE ARTIFACTS FROM NORTHERN PAKISTAN
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DOI：
10.1086/203666
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发表时间：
1988-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
HAILWOOD, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DENNELL, RW;RENDELL, HM;HAILWOOD, E
在之前的一篇文章（Rendell 和 Dennell I985）中，我们报道了 1983 年在巴基斯坦北部两个地点在距今 70 万年前的确切年代背景中发现的手斧和其他石制品。现在，我们报告在巴基斯坦北部另一个地点的地质层中发现了我们认为是原始人类撞击的石制品和/或石制品，我们认为该地点大约在 1997 年。 200万年历史。这些文物也在 1983 年在拉瓦尔品第东南部里瓦特附近的地区被发现（图一），英国驻巴基斯坦考古团的成员此前曾在那里绘制了一系列复杂的上更新世河流沉积物和风沉积物，跨越了过去的 150,000 年。第一个被发现的石块嵌在一条深切沟壑底部的砂岩露头中。沟壑中的水流是短暂的，大雨过后，这个露头现在形成了一个小瀑布的头。这种砂砾岩的侵蚀暴露了石英岩鹅卵石（图 2），其中一些薄片已经脱落。由于剥落的表面仍部分嵌入砂岩中，因此在砂岩侵蚀至目前的形式后，这块碎片不可能发生剥落。因此，这件作品被拍照并仔细凿刻，发现在三个平面上剥落，其中包括去除六片甚至七片（图 3）。在这一发现的下游，相同的砾岩层暴露为一系列由底切和随后的断裂引起的大片状碎片（最大可达 10 m2）。仔细检查这些块的表面是否有其他石英岩碎屑。 i988 由温纳-格伦人类学研究基金会。保留所有权利 ooII-3204/88/2903-0007$ I.00。我们感谢自 1983 年以来为我们这项工作提供帮助的英国巴基斯坦考古团的所有团队成员；其董事 FR 和 B. Allchin；巴基斯坦政府考古部促进这项研究； L. Hurcombe 对石头组合的实地描述。鉴于这些发现的重要性，我们制作了 Rooi 作品的复制品，有兴趣的人士可以以 35 美元的价格从我们这里获得。
In an earlier article (Rendell and Dennell I985), we reported the I983 discovery of handaxes and other stone artefacts in firmly dated contexts between os and 0.7 million years old at two localities in northern Pakistan. We now report the discovery of what we regard as hominid-struck stone artefacts and/or debitage in a geological horizon at another locality in northern Pakistan that is, in our opinion, ca. 2 million years old. These artefacts were also discovered in I983, in the area near Riwat, south-east of Rawalpindi (fig. i), where members of the British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan had previously been mapping a complex series of Upper Pleistocene fluviatile and aeolian deposits spanning the last I50, 000 years. The first to be found was embedded in a gritstone outcrop at the base of a deeply incised gully. Flow in the gully is ephemeral, and this outcrop now forms the head of a small waterfall after heavy rains. Erosion of this gritstone had exposed a quartzite cobble (fig. 2) from which some flakes had been detached. As the flaked surfaces were still partially embedded in the gritstone, the flaking of this piece could not have taken place after the erosion of the gritstone to its present form. The piece was therefore photographed and carefully chiselled out and was found to have been flaked in three planes, involving the removal of six and perhaps seven flakes (fig. 3). Downstream of this find, the same conglomerate horizon is exposed as a series of large tabular fragments(up to io m2) caused by undercutting and subsequent fracturing. Careful inspection of the surfaces of these blocks for other quartzite clasts i.? i988 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for AnthropologicalResearch. All rights reserved ooII-3204/88/2903-0007$ I. 00. We thank all those team members of the British Archaeological Mission to Pakistan who have helped us in this work since I983; its directors, FR and B. Allchin; the Department of Archaeology, Government of Pakistan, for facilitating this research; and L. Hurcombe for her field descriptions of the stone assemblage. In view of the importance of these finds, we have made a replica of piece Rooi that interested parties can obtain from us for $35.