Physical principles of morphogenesis in mushrooms.
Physical principles of morphogenesis in mushrooms.
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DOI：
10.1103/physreve.103.022412
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
X. Chen;P. Ciarletta;H. Dai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
X. Chen;P. Ciarletta;H. Dai
蘑菇物种显示出独特的形态发生特征。例如，毒蝇鹅膏菌（Amanita muscaria）和小菇菌（Mycena chlorophos）的生长方式相似，它们的菌盖迅速向外扩张，然后向上翻。然而，只有后者最终在帽中形成中心凹陷。在这里，我们使用数学方法来解开物理学和生物学之间的相互作用，推动这两种不同形态的出现。所提出的生长弹性模型解析求解，映射其形状随时间的演变。即使两个物种的生物过程使它们的冠状突起向上生长，不同的物理因素导致了不同的形状。事实上，我们展示了相对高大的A。蝇虫中央凹陷可能与身体需要保持稳定对抗风不相容。相比之下，相对较短和较小的M。对于环境扰动而言，氯磷具有弹性稳定性;因此，它可以物理地选择一个中心凹陷，以最大限度地增加菌盖体积和孢子暴露。这项工作给出了完全明确的解析解，突出了生长参数对形态演化的影响，为新型生物启发材料设计提供了有用的见解。
Mushroom species display distinctive morphogenetic features. For example, Amanita muscaria and Mycena chlorophos grow in a similar manner, their caps expanding outward quickly and then turning upward. However, only the latter finally develops a central depression in the cap. Here we use a mathematical approach unraveling the interplay between physics and biology driving the emergence of these two different morphologies. The proposed growth elastic model is solved analytically, mapping their shape evolution over time. Even if biological processes in both species make their caps grow turning upward, different physical factors result in different shapes. In fact, we show how for the relatively tall and big A. muscaria a central depression may be incompatible with the physical need to maintain stability against the wind. In contrast, the relatively short and small M. chlorophos is elastically stable with respect to environmental perturbations; thus, it may physically select a central depression to maximize the cap volume and the spore exposure. This work gives fully explicit analytic solutions highlighting the effect of the growth parameters on the morphological evolution, providing useful insights for novel bio-inspired material design.