Task Demands Moderate Stereotype Threat Effects on Memory Performance
Task Demands Moderate Stereotype Threat Effects on Memory Performance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbp044
复制
发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Queen, Tara L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hess, Thomas M.;Emery, Lisa;Queen, Tara L.
先前的研究表明，老年人的记忆表现会受到有关衰老的负面刻板印象的明确激活的不利影响。在这项研究中，我们研究了刻板印象威胁对识别记忆的影响，特别关注（a）先前观察到的影响的普遍性，（b）记忆的主观体验，以及（c）任务要求的调节作用。遭受威胁的老年参与者的表现比非威胁条件下的参与者更差，但前提是表现限制很高（即必须在有限的时间范围内做出记忆决策）。这种效应反映在记忆的主观体验中，在这种情况下，参与者的“记住”与“知道”反应的比例较低。当约束最小时不存在威胁效应提供了有关刻板印象对记忆性能影响的重要边界信息。
Previous research has demonstrated that older adults' memory performance is adversely affected by the explicit activation of negative stereotypes about aging. In this study, we examined the impact of stereotype threat on recognition memory, with specific interest in (a) the generalizability of previously observed effects, (b) the subjective experience of memory, and (c) the moderating effects of task demands. Older participants subjected to threat performed worse than did those in a nonthreat condition but only when performance constraints were high (i.e., memory decisions had to be made within a limited time frame). This effect was reflected in the subjective experience of memory, with participants in this condition having a lower ratio of "remember" to "know" responses. The absence of threat effects when constraints were minimal provides important boundary information regarding stereotype influences on memory performance.