Evolution and ecological correlates of uniparental reproduction in freshwater snails
Evolution and ecological correlates of uniparental reproduction in freshwater snails
复制标题
淡水蜗牛单亲繁殖的进化和生态相关性
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Schrag
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Steven G. Johnson;C. Lively;S. Schrag
我们回顾了淡水蜗牛单代生殖的时空相关性，因为它们与维持双代性别的生态假设有关。来自两个物种（Potamopyrgus antipodarum和bulinus truncatus）的生物地理证据目前支持红皇后假说，即选择双亲本繁殖是为了降低后代受到寄生虫攻击的风险。这些物种的单代繁殖与低水平的寄生虫感染（去势遗传吸虫）有关，这表明当感染风险较低时，孤雌生殖或自交受精可以取代异交受精。除此之外，b。Truncatus，交叉受精的机会正好是寄生虫攻击最频繁的季节。在第三种（驼峰）中，孤雌生殖与纬度和可能阻止异交受精的非去势吸虫的存在有关；这些模式表明孤雌生殖被选择为一种保证繁殖的机制。最后讨论了孤雌生殖种的点状分类分布。
We review the spatial and temporal correlates of uniparental reproduction in freshwater snails as they pertain to the ecological hypotheses for the maintenance of biparental sex. The biogeographic evidence from two species (Potamopyrgus antipodarum andBulinus truncatus) presently supports the Red Queen hypothesis that biparental reproduction is selected as a way to reduce the risk to progeny of parasite attack. Uniparental reproduction in these species is associated with low levels of infection by parasites (castrating digenetic trematodes), suggesting that parthenogenesis or self-fertilization can replace cross-fertilization when the risk of infection is low. In addition, inB. truncatus, the opportunity for cross-fertilization coincides with the season in which parasite attack is highest. In a third species (Campeloma decisum), parthenogenetic reproduction is correlated with latitude and the presence of a non-castrating trematode that may prevent cross-fertilization; these patterns suggest that parthenogenesis has been selected as a mechanism to assure reproduction. Finally, we discuss the spotty taxonomic distribution of parthenogenetic species.