The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops
The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-018-0793-y
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Nelson, Andy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Savary, Serge;Willocquet, Laetitia;Nelson, Andy
作物病原体和害虫降低农业生产的产量和质量。它们在家庭、国家和全球各级造成巨大的经济损失，并降低粮食安全。关于作物损失的定量、标准化信息很难汇编，也很难在作物、农业生态系统和区域之间进行比较。在这里，我们报告了基于专家的作物健康评估，并提供了全球和粮食安全热点地区五种主要作物的单个病原体和害虫产量损失的数值估计。我们的研究结果记录了与全球小麦，水稻，玉米，马铃薯和大豆相关的137种病原体和害虫相关的损失。我们在全球范围内和每个热点小麦的产量损失（范围）估计（21.5%（10.1-28.1%）），大米（30.0%（24.6-40.9%）），玉米（22.5%（19.5-41.1%）），马铃薯（17.2%（8.1-21.0%））和大豆（21.4%（11.0-32.4%））表明，最高损失与人口快速增长的粮食短缺地区有关，并且经常与新出现或重新出现的害虫和疾病有关。我们的评估强调了作物病原体和害虫以及粮食安全热点之间的影响差异。这一分析提供了重要的信息，以优先考虑作物健康管理，提高农业生态系统在向社会提供服务方面的可持续性。
Crop pathogens and pests reduce the yield and quality of agricultural production. They cause substantial economic losses and reduce food security at household, national and global levels. Quantitative, standardized information on crop losses is difficult to compile and compare across crops, agroecosystems and regions. Here, we report on an expert-based assessment of crop health, and provide numerical estimates of yield losses on an individual pathogen and pest basis for five major crops globally and in food security hotspots. Our results document losses associated with 137 pathogens and pests associated with wheat, rice, maize, potato and soybean worldwide. Our yield loss (range) estimates at a global level and per hotspot for wheat (21.5% (10.1-28.1%)), rice (30.0% (24.6-40.9%)), maize (22.5% (19.5-41.1%)), potato (17.2% (8.1-21.0%)) and soybean (21.4% (11.0-32.4%)) suggest that the highest losses are associated with food-deficit regions with fast-growing populations, and frequently with emerging or re-emerging pests and diseases. Our assessment highlights differences in impacts among crop pathogens and pests and among food security hotspots. This analysis contributes critical information to prioritize crop health management to improve the sustainability of agroecosystems in delivering services to societies.