A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States
A snapshot of the age distribution of psychological well-being in the United States
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1003744107
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Deaton, Angus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stone, Arthur A.;Schwartz, Joseph E.;Deaton, Angus
心理健康（WB）包括一个人对他或她的生活（整体WB）和情感状态（快乐WB）的总体评价，它被认为是个人和群体健康的一个关键方面。一些横断面研究已经证明了全球WB和年龄之间的关系。然而，关于Hedonic WB的年龄分布知之甚少。它可能会产生一个不同的老龄化的观点，因为它是由全球WB措施固有的认知重建的影响较小，因为它包括WB的积极和消极的组成部分。在这项研究中，我们报告了2008年对美国340，847人进行的电话调查中评估的全球和快乐WB。与之前的研究一致，总体WB和阳性Hedonic WB通常具有U形年龄曲线，显示50岁后WB增加。然而，消极的快乐WB变量显示出明显不同的和更强的模式：压力和愤怒从20年代初急剧下降，担心是通过中年上升，然后下降，悲伤是基本上。原子与之前的研究不同，男性和女性的WB年龄分布非常相似。几个可能与年龄-WB关联相关的指标（例如，在家有孩子）并没有改变年龄-WB模式。全球和Hedonic WB措施似乎指数WB的不同方面的生命周期，和后中年增加WB，特别是在Hedonic WB，值得继续探索。
Psychological well-being (WB) includes a person's overall appraisal of his or her life (Global WB) and affective state (Hedonic WB), and it is considered a key aspect of the health of individuals and groups. Several cross-sectional studies have documented a relation between Global WB and age. Little is known, however, about the age distribution of Hedonic WB. It may yield a different view of aging because it is less influenced by the cognitive reconstruction inherent in Global WB measures and because it includes both positive and negative components of WB. In this study we report on both Global and Hedonic WB assessed in a 2008 telephone survey of 340,847 people in the United States. Consistent with prior studies, Global WB and positive Hedonic WB generally had U-shaped age profiles showing increased WB after the age of 50 years. However, negative Hedonic WB variables showed distinctly different and stronger patterns: Stress and Anger steeply declined from the early 20s, Worry was elevated through middle age and then declined, and Sadness was essentially. at. Unlike a prior study, men and women had very similar age profiles of WB. Several measures that could plausibly covary with the age-WB association (e.g., having children at home) did not alter the age-WB patterns. Global and Hedonic WB measures appear to index different aspects of WB over the lifespan, and the postmidlife increase in WB, especially in Hedonic WB, deserves continued exploration.