Late development of cue integration is linked to sensory fusion in cortex.
Late development of cue integration is linked to sensory fusion in cortex.
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提示整合的后期发展与皮质中的感觉融合有关。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.043
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发表时间：
2015-11-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nardini M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dekker TM;Ban H;van der Velde B;Sereno MI;Welchman AE;Nardini M
成年人通过整合不同类型的感官信息来优化感知判断。这涉及专门的神经回路，融合来自相同或不同模态的信号。虽然幼儿可以独立使用感官线索，但成人从线索组合中获得的精确度只有在10到11岁左右才会出现。为什么要花这么长的时间才能充分利用感官信息？现有的数据无法区分这是否（1）反映了感觉处理中令人惊讶的晚期变化（大脑中的感觉整合机制仍在发展中）或（2）取决于感知后的变化（感觉皮层的整合类似于成人，但更高级别的决策过程无法访问信息）。我们在发育中的大脑中测试了视觉深度线索的整合，以区分这些可能性。我们向6-12岁的儿童展示了双眼视差和相对运动的深度，并使用心理物理学，视网膜定位图和模式分类功能磁共振成像进行了测量。年龄较大的儿童（>10.5岁）在V3 B中表现出明显的感觉融合证据，V3 B是一个被认为整合成人大脑中深度线索的视觉区域。相比之下，在年龄较小的儿童（<10.5岁）中，没有证据表明任何视觉区域存在感觉融合。这种显著的年龄差异与10至11岁左右的感知表现的变化相结合，并且无法用运动伪影、视觉注意力或信号质量差异来解释。因此，尽管许多基本的视觉过程在童年早期就成熟了，但融合线索的大脑回路需要很长时间才能发展起来。6-12岁的儿童通过两个视觉线索观看描绘深度的显示器我们使用MVPA fMRI来测试这些线索在视网膜皮层中的融合深度线索的知觉和皮层融合仅在11岁之后出现儿童的知觉受到视觉皮层中深度线索的不成熟融合的限制人类联合收割机感觉信号以提高知觉精度，但这种能力直到11岁才开始发展。Dekker等人研究表明，这种感知技能的出现与视觉皮层的功能变化有关，揭示了人类感知的感觉机制令人惊讶的长期发展。
Adults optimize perceptual judgements by integrating different types of sensory information. This engages specialized neural circuits that fuse signals from the same or different modalities. Whereas young children can use sensory cues independently, adult-like precision gains from cue combination only emerge around ages 10 to 11 years. Why does it take so long to make best use of sensory information? Existing data cannot distinguish whether this (1) reflects surprisingly late changes in sensory processing (sensory integration mechanisms in the brain are still developing) or (2) depends on post-perceptual changes (integration in sensory cortex is adult-like, but higher-level decision processes do not access the information). We tested visual depth cue integration in the developing brain to distinguish these possibilities. We presented children aged 6–12 years with displays depicting depth from binocular disparity and relative motion and made measurements using psychophysics, retinotopic mapping, and pattern classification fMRI. Older children (>10.5 years) showed clear evidence for sensory fusion in V3B, a visual area thought to integrate depth cues in the adult brain. By contrast, in younger children (<10.5 years), there was no evidence for sensory fusion in any visual area. This significant age difference was paired with a shift in perceptual performance around ages 10 to 11 years and could not be explained by motion artifacts, visual attention, or signal quality differences. Thus, whereas many basic visual processes mature early in childhood, the brain circuits that fuse cues take a very long time to develop. Children aged 6–12 years viewed displays depicting depth via two visual cues We used MVPA fMRI to test for fusion of these cues in retinotopic cortex Perceptual and cortical fusion of depth cues emerged only after age ∼11 years Children’s perception is limited by immature fusion of depth cues in visual cortex Humans combine sensory signals to improve perceptual precision, but this ability does not develop until ∼11 years of age. Dekker et al. show that the onset of this perceptual skill is linked to functional changes within the visual cortex, revealing the surprisingly long development of sensory mechanisms underlying human perception.