Expanding Tools for Investigating Neighborhood Indicators of Drug Use and Violence: Validation of the NIfETy for Virtual Street Observation
Expanding Tools for Investigating Neighborhood Indicators of Drug Use and Violence: Validation of the NIfETy for Virtual Street Observation
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DOI：
10.1007/s11121-019-01062-w
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发表时间：
2019-10-21
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Furr-Holden, C. Debra M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nesoff, Elizabeth D.;Milam, Adam J.;Furr-Holden, C. Debra M.
越来越多的证据表明，城市社区环境的特点对吸毒行为和暴力犯罪的风险有很大影响。确定社区需要的领域，确定规划项目的优先顺序，并制定社区改善战略，需要廉价、易用、基于证据的工具来评估社区无序，这些工具可用于各种研究、城市规划和具有环境正义框架的社区需求。这项研究描述了社区环境类型清单(NIfETy)的有效性，NIfETy是一个社区环境观察性评估工具，旨在评估与暴力、酒精和其他毒品相关的社区环境特征，并与谷歌街景(GSV)一起使用。GSV数据收集是在马里兰州巴尔的摩市随机抽取的350个街区进行的，之前是通过面对面的数据收集进行评估的。大多数项目(ICC&>=0.7)的评分者之间的可靠性指标都很强，并且项目与面对面观察高度相关(r&>；=0.6)。探索性因素分析和约束因素分析得到了一个由14个条目组成的障碍量表，该量表具有较高的内部一致性(α=0.825)和可接受的拟合指数(CFI=0.982；RMSEA=0.051)。我们进一步验证了该障碍量表与暴力犯罪地点的关系，发现障碍得分与邻里犯罪显著正相关(IRR=1.221，95%CI=(1.157，1.288)，p<；0.001)。NIfETy为评估可改变的社区吸毒和暴力预防风险因素提供了一种有效、经济和高效的工具，可用于各种研究、城市规划和社区需求。
A growing body of evidence suggests that characteristics of the neighborhood environment in urban areas significantly impact risk for drug use behavior and exposure to violent crime. Identifying areas of community need, prioritizing planning projects, and developing strategies for community improvement require inexpensive, easy to use, evidence-based tools to assess neighborhood disorder that can be used for a variety of research, urban planning, and community needs with an environmental justice frame. This study describes validation of the Neighborhood Inventory for Environmental Typology (NIfETy), a neighborhood environmental observational assessment tool designed to assess characteristics of the neighborhood environment related to violence, alcohol, and other drugs, for use with Google Street View (GSV). GSV data collection took place on a random sample of 350 blocks located throughout Baltimore City, Maryland, which had previously been assessed through in-person data collection. Inter-rater reliability metrics were strong for the majority of items (ICC >= 0.7), and items were highly correlated with in-person observations (r >= 0.6). Exploratory factor analysis and constrained factor analysis resulted in one, 14-item disorder scale with high internal consistency (alpha = 0.825) and acceptable fit indices (CFI = 0.982; RMSEA = 0.051). We further validated this disorder scale against locations of violent crimes, and we found that disorder score was significantly and positively associated with neighborhood crime (IRR = 1.221, 95% CI = (1.157, 1.288), p < 0.001). The NIfETy provides a valid, economical, and efficient tool for assessing modifiable neighborhood risk factors for drug use and violence prevention that can be employed for a variety of research, urban planning, and community needs.