FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT - EGOCENTRIC BIAS IN SOCIAL-PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION PROCESSES
FALSE CONSENSUS EFFECT - EGOCENTRIC BIAS IN SOCIAL-PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION PROCESSES
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-x
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发表时间：
1977-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
HOUSE, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ROSS, L;GREENE, D;HOUSE, P
来自四项研究的证据表明，社会观察者倾向于认为他们自己的反应是相对普遍的，这是一种“错误共识”。相关的偏见存在于观察者的社会推断中。因此，当问题中的回答与评分者自己的回答相似时，评分者估计的特定回答相对普遍，相对不透露演员区分个人性格的特征；相比之下，与评价者不同的反应被认为是相对不常见的，并揭示了演员的身份。这些结果是在问卷研究中获得的，问卷研究向受试者提供假设的情境和选择，以及真实的冲突情境。讨论了这些发现对我们理解社会感知现象和分析行动者和观察者的不同感知的影响。最后，提出了可能解释感知共识扭曲以及社会推断和归因过程中相应偏差的认知和知觉机制。
Evidence from four studies demonstrates that social observers tend to perceive a “false consensus” with respect to the relative commonness of their own responses. A related bias was shown to exist in the observers' social inferences. Thus, raters estimated particular responses to be relatively common and relatively unrevealing concerning the actors' distinguishing personal dispositions when the responses in question were similar to the raters' own responses; responses differing from those of the rater, by contrast, were perceived to be relatively uncommon and revealing of the actor. These results were obtained both in questionnaire studies presenting subjects with hypothetical situations and choices and in authentic conflict situations. The implications of these findings for our understanding of social perception phenomena and for our analysis of the divergent perceptions of actors and observers are discussed. Finally, cognitive and perceptual mechanisms are proposed which might account for distortions in perceived consensus and for corresponding biases in social inference and attributional processes.