Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in a Cohort of 934,538 Danish Boys: The Role of Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Body Dimensions, and Fetal Growth
Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in a Cohort of 934,538 Danish Boys: The Role of Birth Weight, Gestational Age, Body Dimensions, and Fetal Growth
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwr421
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Henriksen, Tine Brink
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jensen, Morten Sondergaard;Wilcox, Allen J.;Henriksen, Tine Brink
早产和低出生体重是泌尿生殖系统畸形、隐睾症和尿道下裂的强预测因子。了解这些关联可能会导致重要的病因学线索。因此，作者重新审视了关于胎儿生长受限是泌尿生殖系统异常风险因素的流行假设。他们研究了1980年1月1日至2008年12月31日期间出生的934，538名丹麦男孩。隐睾和尿道下裂与胎龄体重低相关，这是胎儿生长受限的一个指标，此外，作者观察到与早产的强烈相互作用。与家庭中所有单胎兄弟的平均出生体重相比，单胎或双胎与男性共同双胎相比，低出生体重与泌尿生殖系统异常的风险较高相关，这表明家庭内相对胎儿生长受限的影响。与以前的报告相反，新生儿的身体尺寸独立于出生体重评估与泌尿生殖系统异常无关。通过比较单胎和双胎的泌尿生殖系统异常风险以及隐睾和尿道下裂在个体中的共同发生模式，支持了共同因素导致胎儿生长受限和泌尿生殖系统异常的假设。这些新的见解也可能延伸到其他男性生殖疾病与产前病因。
Early delivery and low birth weight are strong predictors of the urogenital anomalies cryptorchidism (undescended testis) and hypospadias. Understanding these associations may lead to important etiologic clues. Therefore, the authors revisited the prevailing hypotheses regarding fetal growth restriction as a risk factor for urogenital anomalies. They studied a population of 934,538 Danish boys born alive between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2008. Cryptorchidism and hypospadias were associated with low weight-for-gestational-age, an indicator of fetal growth restriction, and furthermore the authors observed strong interaction with early delivery. Low birth weight in a singleton compared with the mean birth weight of all singleton brothers in the family or in a twin compared with the male co-twin was associated with higher risk of urogenital anomalies, suggesting an effect of relative fetal growth restriction within families. Contrary to previous reports, newborns' body dimensions assessed independently of birth weight were not associated with urogenital anomalies. The hypothesis that shared factors cause both fetal growth restriction and urogenital anomalies was supported by comparison of urogenital anomaly risks in singletons and twins and by patterns of cryptorchidism and hypospadias co-occurrence in individuals. These novel insights might also extend to other male reproductive conditions with prenatal etiology.